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Lower East Side

The Oxford Companion to American Literature | 1995 | | © The Oxford Companion to American Literature 1995, originally published by Oxford University Press 1995. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Lower East Side, section of New York City bounded by the East River, the Bowery, and the fringe of the uptown area. It has long been known as a densely populated slum district of tenements housing poor, recent immigrants, whose foreign customs, such as shopping from sidewalk pushcart markets, were retained. For many years it was a ghetto for newly arrived Jews, but in more recent years other ethnic groups, including Puerto Ricans, have found their home in this district. Alfred E. Smith was reared in the district, as were Edward MacDowell and the more representative composers Irving Berlin and George Gershwin. Those who have written about the Lower East Side include Jacob Riis, Ernest Poole, Clifford Odets, Elmer Rice, Waldo Frank, Michael Gold, Alfred Kreymborg, Sholem Asch, Alfred Kazin, Bernard Malamud, and Henry Roth. Its life was painted by George Luks.

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James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Lower East Side." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Lower East Side." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. (December 23, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-LowerEastSide.html

James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Lower East Side." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Retrieved December 23, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-LowerEastSide.html

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