Nimitz, Chester
The Oxford Companion to United States History
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to United States History 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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Nimitz, Chester (1885–1966), officer in the U.S. Navy. Born in Fredericksburg, Texas, and a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, Nimitz commanded successively a gunboat, a destroyer, and a submarine division and made himself an authority on diesel engines.In
World War I, as engineering aide to the commander of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet Submarine Force, he served his last duty with machinery. Thereafter he was concerned mainly with people: selecting, instructing, commanding.
In a series of land and sea commands, Nimitz's achievements earned him such a favorable reputation that when the United States entered
World War II in 1941, President Franklin Delano
Roosevelt selected him to command the U.S. Pacific Fleet. After six months of ineffectual carrier air raids on Japanese bases and on Japan itself, Nimitz, commanding from his headquarters at Pearl Harbor,
Hawai'i, sent his three‐carrier fleet out to a calculated location, and in the Battle of
Midway it defeated a more numerous Japanese fleet.
Nimitz next sent land‐sea‐air forces to oust the Japanese from their island strongholds on Guadalcanal and in the Aleutians. In late 1943 he launched a greatly enlarged Central Pacific Fleet in a westward drive, which landed and supported troops in the Gilbert, Marshall, Mariana, and
Philippine Islands and reduced the Japanese fleet to impotence in the Battle of the Philippine Sea and the Battle of
Leyte Gulf. Nimitz's forces then headed north via the Ryukyu Islands.
After Japan's surrender in 1945, Nimitz was appointed chief of naval operations, a popular choice even though never in his long career had he been onboard a ship or plane in combat.
Bibliography
Elmer Belmont Potter , Nimitz, 1976.
E.B. Potter
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