Templars
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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Templars. Established in Jerusalem in 1118 as a small group of knights pledged to protect pilgrims journeying to the Holy Places. In 1128 they gained papal support and a rule, owing much to
Cistercian custom, was compiled for them by St Bernard of Clairvaux. Until the fall of
Acre (1291) they played an important, but not uncontroversial, role (with their rivals, the
Hospitallers) in the defence of the crusading states.
Their first, and largest, house in England was established just outside the city of London and moved to a site (the ‘New Temple’) off Fleet Street in 1161. They attracted considerable land and cash grants, much of which was used for the order's needs in Palestine, and their estates were organized as preceptories. Their wealth (and ultimate military failure) led to accusations of heresy, particularly in France in 1307–8, where King Philip IV in association with Pope Clement V brought about the brutal demise of the order, finally suppressed in 1312. In England, as generally elsewhere, their property was ceded to the Hospitallers: many Templars were executed or imprisoned.
Brian Golding
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