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modulation
module
module 1. A programming or specification construct that defines a software component. Often a module is a unit of software that provides users with some data types and operations on those data types, and can be separately compiled. The module has an interface in the form of a heading that specifies the data types and operations the module provides its users. Mathematically, the syntax of the interface is a
signature and the semantics of a module is a class of
algebras of that signature. In some programming languages that provide modules, they are called by other names such as package, cluster, or object. The concept developed as a programming construct to support
information hiding and
abstract data types. The theory of program construction based on modules is a promising, but difficult, area of research.
2. A component of a hardware system that can be subdivided.
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Somatic Modulation of Tinnitus: Test Reliability and Results After Repetitive Muscle Contraction Training
Magazine article from: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology; 1/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...to study the reliability of tinnitus modulation by muscle contractions and to observe...of repeating the maneuvers, tinnitus modulation and daily perception were evaluated...difference between the occurrence of tinnitus modulation in test (57.9%) and retest (63...
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DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES AND SPREAD SPECTRUM
Magazine article from: Experimental Techniques; 5/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...discuss some of the basics of digital modulation. In the last paper6 we discussed amplitude and frequency modulation. Spread Spectrum was introduced with...this paper we will show how these modulation techniques can be modified or enhanced...
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Cross-modulation in a CDMA mobile phone receiver.(Technical Feature)(code division multiple access)
Magazine article from: Microwave Journal; 10/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; Determining cross-modulation interference is an important factor...mobile transceiver. The cross-modulation interference level directly affects...published, characterizing the cross-modulation caused by the low noise amplifier...
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An adaptive modulation scaling scheme for quality of services ensurance in wireless sensor netwoks.
Magazine article from: American Journal of Applied Sciences; 3/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Previous research works show that modulation scaling is an efficient technique to...applications. In this study, the problem of modulation scaling and energy optimization is discussed...is proposed to analyze the impact of modulation scaling on the overall energy consumption...
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Wide Modulation Bandwidth Measurements.(measuring bandwidth with oscillator tuning voltage)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)(Technical)
Magazine article from: Microwave Journal; 9/1/2001; 700+ words
; ...is low pass in nature, it is equal to the 3-dB modulation bandwidth. Measurement of the wide modulation bandwidths is not an easy task. Many of Mini Circuits VCOs have very wide modulation bandwidths, which is useful in angle modulation...
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Modulation advances drive next-generation DWDM systems.(Technology Information)
Magazine article from: Lightwave; 8/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...phosphide enables promising devices for modulation and optical TDM implementations. Manufacturers...components are enabling optical-data modulation and multiplexing techniques that could...higher speeds. These emerging data-modulation schemes hold promise for continued progress...
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Controversy over EU voluntary modulation rules.(European Union)
Magazine article from: Agra Europe; 5/26/2006; 700+ words
; ...are made under compulsory or voluntary modulation programmes, EU Farm Commissioner Mariann...additional 15% on top of the basic 5% modulation rate stipulated under CAP rules. However...included in the process of voluntary modulation--since market expenditure, such...
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Combining OOK with PSM modulation for simple transceiver of orthogonal pulse-based TH-UWB systems.(Research Article)
Magazine article from: EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...strongly depends on the development of pulses, modulation techniques, and low-complexity receivers...for UWB radios [1]. Various kinds of modulation schemes such as pulse-position modulation (PPM), orthogonal PPM (OPPM), pulse...
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Effect of temperature modulation on the onset of stationary convection in a rotating sparsely packed porous layer.(Technical report)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Physics; 9/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Abstract: The effect of temperature modulation on the onset of stationary convection...to be a function of the frequency of modulation, the Taylor number, the Darcy number...interaction of rotation and thermal modulation is studied. It is found that the rotation...
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Communications EW, part 6--RF modulations for digital signals.(EW101)
Magazine article from: Journal of Electronic Defense; 11/1/2003; 700+ words
; ...We will focus on RF modulation, although the same...wavelengths. Digital Modulations Figure 1 shows a example of a simple digital modulation. This is an amplitude...required to carry the modulation (to handle the frequency...frequency-efficient modulations in which the transition...
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modulation
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
modulation in communications, process in which...recovered from the wave produced by modulation. The original, unmodulated wave may...alternating current, or a pulse chain. In modulation, it is processed in such a way that...
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frequency modulation
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English
...tion (abbr.: FM ) • n. the modulation of a radio or other wave by variation of...signal. Often contrasted with amplitude modulation . ∎ the system of radio transmission using such modulation.
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amplitude modulation
Book article from: World Encyclopedia
amplitude modulation ( AM ) Form of radio transmission. Broadcasts...wave bands are transmitted by amplitude modulation. The sound signals to be transmitted are...of the sound signal. See also frequency modulation (FM)
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pulse position modulation
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
pulse position modulation see modulation .
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pulse code modulation
Book article from: A Dictionary of Computing
pulse code modulation ( PCM ) A technique used by codecs to convert an analog signal into a digital bit stream. The...should be, and transmits the difference between the actual value and the predicted value. See also modulation .
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