Ācārya
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Ācārya (Skt., ‘one who knows or teaches the
ācāra, the rules of right conduct’).
1. The title ācārya is primarily applied to a Hindu teacher who invests the student with the sacrificial thread (
vajñopavīta) and instructs him in the
vedas and the religious law (
dharma). By extension it is applied to a spiritual preceptor, or to anyone learned in the Hindu tradition. This title is frequently affixed directly to the proper name, e.g.
Śaṅkarācārya.
2. In particular, a group of Tamil
Vaiṣṇava teachers regarding the
Āḻvārs as incarnations of
Viṣṇu's instruments/weapons. The first was
Nāthamuni (9th cent. CE).
3. In Buddhism Pāli,
ācāriya), teacher of the
dhamma, in contrast to
upāydhyāya, who taught discipline and the rules.
4. Among Jains, the ācārya holds a vital place in teaching and in the transmission of lineage (for an example, see
BHIKṢU, ĀCĀRYA).
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