Tʾien
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Tʾien. Chinese supreme source of power and order, usually translated as Heaven. Initially associated with
Shang-ti (see
HEAVEN AND EARTH, SACRIFICES TO), Tʾien achieved independent importance during the Chou dynasty. Tʾien was early associated with a moral life. To live according to the way of Heaven (and for an emperor according to
Tʾien-ming, the Mandate of Heaven) becomes a summary of the goal of the appropriate life, however defined. The arrival of Buddhism led to Tʾien being divided into different realms (along Buddhist lines), and led also to Tʾien becoming the impersonal power of nature which brings things into appearance. This was congenial to Taoists, who could relate Tʾien to
Tao. It follows that Tʾien bears many different meanings: it is a place where gods, spirits, and immortal beings live; it is a supreme order, or a personal Lord, governing the cosmos in all its manifestations; or it is the unity of that cosmos as a single system.
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Validation of ECMWF sea level pressure analyses over the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
Magazine article from: Weather and Forecasting; 6/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...southern Bellingshausen Sea were used to assess...the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas. Cullather et al...the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas during 1993 and 1994...floes in the southern Bellingshausen Sea during early 2001...
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Antarctic Sea ice and the southern oscillation
Magazine article from: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society; 3/1/2002; ; 529 words
; ...Antarctic climate and sea ice anomalies and...ice cover of the Bellingshausen/Amundsen Seas showed a unique...between Antarctic sea ice and the Southern...are found in the Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas. The ice anomalies...
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Southern ocean climate and sea ice anomalies associated with the southern oscillation
Magazine article from: Journal of Climate; 3/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...air temperature, and sea surface temperature fields, while the sea ice dataset describes...anomalies are found in the Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas. The composite fields...with lower (higher) sea level pressure, cooler...sea ice extent in the Bellingshausen ...
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Extreme Anomalous Atmospheric Circulation in the West Antarctic Peninsula Region in Austral Spring and Summer 2001/02, and Its Profound Impact on Sea Ice and Biota*
Magazine article from: Journal of Climate; 8/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Exceptional sea ice conditions...anomalies in the Bellingshausen-Amundsen...southwest Weddell Seas. This created...on regional sea ice, oceanography...adjoining southern Bellingshausen Sea regions are...extent in the Bellingshausen Sea. as fluctuations...
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Wind-Forced intraseasonal sea level variability of the extratropical oceans
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 2/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...ABSTRACT Seven years' worth of sea level observations from the...particular regions: the Bellingshausen Basin west of Drake Passage...bottom boundary layer. In the Bellingshausen Basin, the phase of the...near the date line, the Bellingshausen Basin west of Drake Passage...
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Distribution and characteristics of mesoscale cyclones in the Antarctic: Ross Sea eastward to the Weddell Sea
Magazine article from: Monthly Weather Review; 2/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...Cyclones in the Antarctic: Ross Sea Eastward to the Weddell Sea* ABSTRACT The mesoscale cyclone...diameter is about 370 km over the Bellingshausen Sea and 380 km on the Weddell...deep vortices occurs over the Bellingshausen Sea sector (38% of all cases...
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Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Measurements of Surface Wave Decay and Directional Spectra in the Marginal Sea Ice Zone*
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 1/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...vehicle (AUV) missions were carried out under sea ice in the western Bellingshausen Sea. Data from the upward-looking acoustic Doppler...dependent attenuation of waves propagating through sea ice was observed. Mean period increased with distance...
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ASTEROID HIT SEA WITH A BANG 2 MILLION YEARS AGO
Newspaper article from: The Columbian; 11/26/1997; ; 585 words
; ...through space for eons blasted into the sea off Antarctica more than 2 million...paper published today. Striking the Bellingshausen Sea with the explosive power of 100 billion...oceanic crater” in the sea, according to the paper, which...
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Antarctic sea ice is on the increase.(Antarctica)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Geographical; 10/1/2003; ; 613 words
; Sea ice in the Antarctic has by...there has been an increase in sea ice since consistent satellite...average, the area in which sea ice seasons have lengthened...Sea and virtually the entire Bellingshausen sea had shorter seasons. The...
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Researchers say Dutch sea captain discovered the icy continent
News Wire article from: AP Online; 12/12/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...wouldn't want to live there. A Dutch sea captain's ominous descriptions of a...Bransfield, an Englishman, and Thaddeus von Bellingshausen, a Russian admiral, who share the credit...Maire commissioned in 1598 to search for a sea route to India. Gerritsz probably was...
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Bellingshausen Sea
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Bellingshausen Sea part of the S Pacific Ocean, W Antarctica...Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, who circumnavigated Antarctica...Alexander I, Peter I (both named by Bellingshausen), and Charcot islands.
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Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb von
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb von...advantages of a direct sea route from Russia to China...Thirteen years later Bellingshausen was put in command of...sailed in July 1819 with Bellingshausen aboard the Mirny and his...
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sea ice and climate
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
...descriptive terms for types of sea ice which has been developed...Archipelago, and the Kara Sea. Large portions of other peripheral seas are also covered, such as the Greenland Sea, Barents Sea, and smaller...regions of the Weddell Sea, the Bellingshausen Sea, and the ...
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Polar Explorers
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History
...Northeast Passage (in Russian, the Northern Sea Route); the establishment of ports such...the Main Administration of the Northern Sea Route (GUSMP). Prominent Arctic scientists...the Antarctic, Russian mariners Fabian Bellingshausen (1770 – 1852) became, in...
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Southern Ocean
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...region rich in marine life. This region was recognized as a fifth ocean by the International Hydrographic Organization in 2000. The ocean includes the Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen, and Weddell seas and small gulfs and bays off Antarctica.
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