The 1970s: Government and Politics: Deaths

THE 1970s: GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS: DEATHS

Rudolf Abel, 68, spy who oversaw Soviet intelligence in New York during the 1950s; he was swapped for a captured American spy pilot in 1962, 15 November 1961.

Creighton W. Abrams, 59, U.S. commander in Vietnam (1968-1972), former army chief of staff, 4 September 1974.

Dean Acheson, 78, presidential adviser and secretary of state under Harry S Truman, 12 October 1971.

Saul Alinsky, 63, social organizer and self-styled radical; his books include Reveille for Radicals (1946) and Rules for Radicals (1971), 12 June 1972.

Adolf A. Berle, Jr., 76, influential member of Franklin Roosevelt's Brain Trust, later a prominent Latin American diplomat, 17 February 1971.

Hugo L. Black, 85, Supreme Court justice (1937-1971), known as a champion of civil liberties, 23 September 1971.

Charles E. Bohlen, 69, career diplomat and expert on the Soviet Union, 1 January 1974.

Earl Browder, 82, head of the Communist party of the United States (1930-1945), 27 June 1973.

Ralph Bunche, 67, ambassador to the United Nations (1957-1971), winner of the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize, 9 December 1971.

Prescott Bush, 77, Republican senator from Connecticut (1952-1963), father of President George Bush, 8 October 1972.

James F. Byrnes, 92, Democratic representative of South Carolina (1911-1925), U.S. senator (1930-1941) associate justice of the Supreme Court (1941-1942), secretary of state (1945-1947), governor of South Carolina (1951-1955), 9 April 1972.

Chou En-Lai, 78, Chinese statesman; since 1949 premier of the People's Republic of China, 8 January 1976.

Lucius D. Clay, 80, U.S. Army general, administrator of postwar Germany, he coordinated the Berlin airlift, 17 April 1978.

Charles E. Coughlin, 88, conservative, anti-Semitic radio priest popular during the Great Depression, 27 October 1979.

Richard J. Daley, 74, Democratic representative and senator of Illinois (1936-1946) and controversial mayor of Chicago (1955-1976), 20 December 1976.

Vera Micheles Dean, 69, author and foreign-policy expert, editor and research director of the Foreign Policy Association (1931-1961), 11 October 1972.

Thomas E. Dewey, 68, governor of New York (1942-1955), twice GOP candidate for president, 16 March 1971.

Martin Dies, 71, first chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee (1938-1945), 14 November 1972.

Merle Fainsod, 64, U.S.-Soviet scholar, director of the Russian Research Center at Harvard (1959-1964), 10 February 1972.

Herbert Feis, 78, scholar and adviser to the State Department (1931-1943) and War Department (1943-1947), 2 March 1972.

Leslie R. Groves, 73, U.S. Army officer, director of the Manhattan Project, which constructed the world's first atomic bomb, 13 July 1970.

Ernest Gruening, 87, Democratic senator from Alaska (1959-1969), instrumental in achieving Alaskan state-hood, early critic of the Vietnam War, 26 June 1974.

Fannie Lou Hamer, 60, civil rights leader, organizer of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic party, 14 March 1977.

Alvin H. Hansen, 87, U.S. economist instrumental in the creation of the Social Security system and the New Deal, 6 June 1975.

John Marshall Harlan, 72, Supreme Court justice (1955-1971) noted for the conservative nature of his opinions, 29 December 1971.

Thomas C. Hart, 94, commander of the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor when it was bombed by the Japanese, 4 July 1971.

J. Edgar Hoover, 77, director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation since 1924, 2 May 1972.

Hubert Horatio Humphrey, mayor of Minneapolis (1945-1948), Democratic senator from Minnesota (1949-1965, 1970-1977), four-time presidential aspirant, vice-president under Lyndon Johnson (1965— 1969), 13 January 1978.

Daniel James, Jr., 58, first black general in the United States, 25 February 1978.

Lyndon Baines Johnson, 64, thirty-sixth president of the United States (1963-1968), 22 January 1973.

Dorothy Kenyon, 83, women's rights leader and New York municipal-court judge, 12 February 1972.

Thomas C. Kinkaid, 84, commander of U.S. naval forces in the Pacific during World War II, 17 November 1972.

William F. Knowland, 65, publisher of the Oakland Tribune, influential Republican senator from California (1945-1959), majority leader (1953-1954); minority leader (1955-1958); 23 February 1974.

Frederick J. Libby, 95, clergyman and peace activist, since 1921 executive secretary of the National Council for the Prevention of War, 26 June 1970.

Anthony C. McAuliffe, 77, acting commander of the 101st Airborne Division during the Battle of the Bulge whose famous "Nuts!" response to a German surrender demand emboldened U.S. forces, 11 August 1975.

John L. McClellan, 81, Democratic senator of Arkansas (1942-1977), influential champion of military appropriations, influential foe of civil rights legislation, 28 November 1977.

Martha Mitchell, 56, outspoken wife of former attorney general John Mitchell, she provided information on the Watergate scandal, 31 May 1976.

Raymond Moley, 88, former member of Franklin Roosevelt

Joseph M. Montoya, 62, Democratic senator of New Mexico (1965-1977), opponent of the Vietnam War, known for his defense of Native Americans and the poor, 5 June 1978.

Wayne L. Morse, 73, senator from Oregon (Republican, 1944-1953; liberal, 1953-1956; Democrat, 1956-1968), one of two senators who voted against the 1964 Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which gave congressional endorsement to the Vietnam War, 22 July 1974.

Karl E. Mundt, 74, Republican senator from South Dakota (1948-1973), staunch anti-Communist during the McCarthy years, 16 August 1974.

Audie Murphy, 46, during World War II the soldier most decorated by the United States, 28 May 1971.

Gerald P. Nye, 78, Republican senator from North Dakota (1925-1944) whose Depression-era hearings on the causes of World War I did much to animate isolationism, 17 July 1971.

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., 63, Baptist minister and flamboyant congressman from New York (1945-1970), 4 April 1972.

Arthur W. Radford, 77, naval officer, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Eisenhower (1953-1957), 17 August 1973.

A. Philip Randolph, 90, pathbreaking labor and civil rights leader, responsible for the 1963 March on Washington, 16 May 1979.

Jeannette Rankin, 92, Republican congresswoman from Montana (1917-1919, 1941-1943), first woman elected to Congress, only member of Congress to vote against U.S. entry into both world wars, 18 May 1973.

Edward V. Rickenbacker, 82, World War I air ace, 23 July 1973.

Nelson A. Rockefeller, 70, governor of New York (1959-1973), presidential aspirant, vice-president under Gerald Ford, 26 January 1979.

Nellie T. Ross, 101, first woman elected governor of a state (Wyoming, 1925-1927), 19 December 1977.

Richard Rovere, 64, political writer; his publications include Senator Joe McCarthy (1959), 23 November 1979.

Richard B. Russell, 73, long-standing leader of the Senate, Democrat of Georgia, 21 January 1971.

Gerald L. K. Smith, 78, anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic founder of the National Christian Crusade, 15 April 1976.

Carl A. Spaats, 83, first chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force, 14 July 1974.

Arthur B. Spingarn, 93, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (1940-1965), 1 December 1971.

Stephen Gill Spottswood, 77, chairman since 1961 of the NAACP, 1 December 1974.

Harold Raynsford Stark, 91, chief of naval operations at the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, 20 August 1972.

Lewis L. Strauss, 78, former head of the Atomic Energy Commission (1953-1958), 22 January 1974.

Arthur E. Summerfield, 73, leading Republican, managed Eisenhower's two presidential campaigns, 26 April 1972.

J. Parnell Thomas, 75, Republican representative from New Jersey (1937-1950), chairman of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (1947-1950), prominent anti-Communist until his 1950 imprisonment for padding his congressional payroll, 19 November 1970.

Llewellyn E. Thompson, Jr., 67, diplomat, ambassador to the Soviet Union under Eisenhower, 6 February 1972.

Harry S Truman, 88 , thirty-third president of the United States (1945-1952), 26 December 1972.

Rexford Guy Tugwell, 88, leading figure in Franklin Roosevelt's Brain Trust, 21 July 1979.

John Paul Vann, 47, counterinsurgency expert, leading critic of the conduct of operations in Vietnam; he resigned in protest from the U.S. Army in 1963, 9 June 1972.

Earl Warren, 83, governor of California (1943-1954), 1948 GOP vice-presidential candidate, chief justice of the United States (1953-1968), 9 July 1974.

Burton K. Wheeler, 92, Democratic senator from Montana (1923-1947), key Senate figure during the New Deal, 6 January 1975.

Earle Wheeler, 67, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1964-1970), 18 December 1975.

Charles Evans Whittaker, 72, associate justice of the Supreme Court (1957-1962), 26 November 1973.

Whitney M. Young, Jr., 49, since 1961 head of the National Urban League, 11 March 1971.

Abraham Zapruder, 66, Dallas businessman whose home movies of the assassination of John F. Kennedy were used by the Warren Commission, 30 August 1970.