The 1960s: Medicine and Health: Deaths

THE 1960s: MEDICINE AND HEALTH: DEATHS

Franz Gabriel Alexander, 73, Hungarian-born psychoanalyst, pioneered psychosomatic medicine in the United States, 8 March 1964.

W. Wayne Babcock, 90, physician, involved in the development of spinal anesthesia and introduced a variety of surgical techniques including the use of steel-wire sutures, 23 February 1963.

Louis Hopewell Bauer, 75, cardiologist, pioneered aviation medicine and served as secretary-general of the World Medical Association (1948-1961), 2 February 1964.

Alfred Blalock, 65, surgeon in chief of Johns Hopkins Hospital, codeveloped blue-baby surgery as well as the hand-pump cardiac-resuscitation method, 15 September 1964.

Paul Earle Carlson, 36, missionary doctor, killed by Congolese rebels in Stanleyville, Congo, 24 November 1964.

Frank P. Corrigan, 86, surgeon, diplomat, and first U.S. ambassador to Venezuela, helped prove the feasibility of blood transfusion, 21 January 1968.

Thomas Dooley, 34, physician, established medical missions in Laos and was a founder of the Medico organization, 18 January 1961.

Thomas Francis, Jr., 69, virologist, developed an anti-influenza vaccine and directed field testing of the Salk polio vaccine, 1 October 1969.

Casimir Funk, 83, Polish-born biochemist, discovered a substance he called a "vitamine" (the e was later dropped) while studying the disease beriberi, 19 November 1967.

Herbert Spencer Gasser, 74, physiologist, shared the 1944 Nobel Prize in medicine for research demonstrating the reaction of nerve fibers to electrical impulses, 11 May 1963.

Carl G. Harman, 88, researcher in family planning and zoologist, helped establish the basic principles of birth control through studies in embryology and gynecology, 1 March 1968.

Warren Sturgis McCulloch, 70, neurophysiologist, helped establish the science of cybernetics through his studies of the brain, 24 September 1969.

William Claire Menninger, 66, psychiatrist, co-founded and presided over the Menninger Foundation for Psychiatric Education and Research, 6 September 1966.

Hermann Joseph Midler, 76, geneticist, won the 1946 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the effects of radiation on heredity, 5 April 1967.

George Papanicolaou, 78, Greek-born medical researcher, developed the Papsmear test for uterine cancer, 19 February 1962.

Thomas Parran, 75, surgeon general of the United States (1936-1948), helped to establish the World Health Organization, 15 February 1968.

Gregory Goodwin Pincus, 64, medical researcher and director of the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, helped develop the first successful birth-control pill, 22 August 1967.

Theodor Reik, 81, theorist, researcher, and student of Freud, helped develop the theory and technique of psychoanalysis, 31 December 1969.

Alfred Newton Richards, 90, pharmacologist, was a member of the Big Six, the scientific organization over-seeing the creation of war matériel and medicines during World War II, and served as president of the National Academy of Sciences (1947-1950), 24 March 1966.

Margaret Higgins Sanger, 82, pioneer in the birth-control movement, opened the first American birth-control clinic in Brooklyn, New York, and helped found the International Planned Parenthood Federation, 6 September 1966.

Bela Schick, 90, Hungarian-born pediatrician, invented the diphtheria (Schick) test and performed extensive research on allergies (a term he helped to coin), 6 December 1967.

Gordon S. Seagrave, 68, doctor known as "the Burmese Surgeon," served a long career providing medical care for the Burmese people, 28 March 1965.

Francis E. Townsend, 93, physician, founded the oldage pension plan that bore his name, 1 September 1960.

Robert J. Van de Graaff, 65, inventor of the Van de Graaff particle accelerator used in cancer therapy and nuclear physics, 16 January 1967.