SIC 8713 Surveying Services

Encyclopedia of American Industries | 2005 | Copyright

SIC 8713
SURVEYING SERVICES

This industry is comprised of establishments primarily engaged in providing professional surveying services and photogrammetric engineering. Types of surveys produced include land, water, and aerial surveys.

NAICS Code(s)

541360 (Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services)

541370 (Surveying and Mapping (Except Geophysical) Services)

Industry Snapshot

All physical characteristics and points on the earth's surface exist in positional relationship to other characteristics and points. Surveying is the process whereby these land relationships are measured and described. It uses the mathematical principles of geometry and trigonometry to identify horizontal and vertical placement and elevation. Surveys are primarily used in establishing property boundaries and in map making.

There are two major types of surveying: plane surveying and geodetic surveying. Plane surveying does not account for the curvature of the earth's surface. It is used primarily for smaller areas where this curvature produces insignificant deviations between the survey results and reality. According to information provided by Public Works, surveys of areas measuring "no more than 12 miles or so in any one direction" can be handled as if they were taken on a flat surface or plane. Geodetic surveying is used for larger areas in which it is necessary to make mathematical computations to account for the earth's curvature.

According to the U.S. Department of Commerce's 1992 Census of Service Industries, there were 8,418 establishments in the United States offering surveying services, down from the 8,436 establishments in 1987. Their combined receipts were just under $3 billion in 1994, up 5.2 percent from the 1993 figure of $2.7 billion.

Background and Development

Surveying techniques developed in the ancient world, when people began to describe the dimensions and shape of the earth. Homer (in approximately the ninth century B.C.) envisioned the earth as a flat disk surrounded by oceans. Pythagoras, a Greek philosopher of the sixth century B.C., imagined a spherical world. Gauging the circumference of the earth was first accomplished in 240 B.C. by the Greek astronomer Eratosthenes, who measured the angle of the sun from two points on earth separated by 500 miles. His calculations gave him...

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