SIC 1459 Clay, Ceramic, and Refractory Minerals, Not Elsewhere Classified

Encyclopedia of American Industries | 2005 | Copyright

SIC 1459
CLAY, CERAMIC, AND REFRACTORY MINERALS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

This category covers establishments primarily engaged in mining, milling, or otherwise preparing clay, ceramic, or refractory (heat-resistant) minerals, not elsewhere classified. Establishments producing clay in conjunction with the manufacture of refractory or structural clay and pottery products are classified in manufacturing in the major group for stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.

NAICS Code(s)

212325 (Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining)

Industry Snapshot

Firms in this industry extract raw minerals used in a wide variety of industrial and consumer applications with the most common end use being refractory materials for the manufacture of glass, ceramics, and industrial uses.

Organization and Structure

Common Clay and Shale. Industry firms produced 39.3 million metric tons of common clay and shale in 2003. In 2003, common clay and shale accounted for 58.5 percent of the total output of all clay minerals (including those produced by firms not classified in this industry) sold or used in the United States.

Common clay alone was used to manufacture bricks (56 percent of output), cement (17 percent), and in lightweight aggregate (17 percent). Other uses for common clay alone include such heavy clay products as building brick, flue linings, sewer pipe, drain tile, structural tile, terra cotta, and portland cement clinker (slag). In descending order of output, the leading producers of common clay in 2002 were North Carolina, Texas, Alabama, Georgia, Ohio, Missouri, Oklahoma, California, South Carolina, Kentucky, Arkansas, Virginia, and Pennsylvania.

Shale is one of the most common sedimentary rocks and thus usually has a lower unit price than rarer clays such as kaolin and ball clay. Shale's industrial applications include heavy ceramic ware, portland cement manufacture, and lightweight construction aggregate. The choice of shale as an ingredient in these applications is governed by such factors as its suitability compared with other industrial minerals, the presence of other useful minerals in the market for which it is to be produced (i.e., pumice, sand and...

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