SIC 1446 Industrial Sand

Encyclopedia of American Industries | 2005 | Copyright

SIC 1446
INDUSTRIAL SAND

This category covers establishments primarily engaged in operating sand pits and dredges, and in washing, screening, and otherwise preparing sand for uses other than construction, such as glass making, molding, and abrasives.

NAICS Code(s)

212322 (Industrial Sand Mining)

Industry Snapshot

In 2003, 67 U.S. companies in 34 states produced an estimated 28.3 million metric tons of industrial sand and gravel with a total value of $566 million. Illinois, Michigan, California, North Carolina, Texas, Wisconsin, New Jersey, and Oklahoma accounted for 59 percent of the national industrial sand and gravel total that year. U.S. consumption of industrial sand and gravel grew from 26.1 million metric tons in 2002 to 27.2 million metric tons in 2003.

Organization and Structure

Glass Sand. The single most common use of industrial sand (38 percent of total tonnage in 2003) is in glass making, where glass or quartz sand constitutes 52 to 65 percent of the weight of finished glass. Glass sand requires a high percentage of silica—the principal ingredient of sand—because the presence of other elements such as iron oxide and clay introduces visible impurities that mar the glass's transparency. Few sandstones or natural sands (such as beach or dune sand) are pure enough to yield glass without "beneficiation," or the removal of impurities through processing. Glass sands are graded according to average grain size, which can be determined by passing them through sieves of varying calibers.

The container glass industry was one of the largest consumers of silica-based glass sand in the United States in the late 1990s, but the trend toward glass recycling, as well as increased plastic bottle and aluminum can packaging, weakened demand for silica sand. Some states require that 35 percent of container glass be comprised of recycled glass, with the potential for increases of as high as 65 percent recycled glass content by 2005. This trend was partly offset in the late 1990s, however, by...

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