SIC 1411 Dimension Stone

Encyclopedia of American Industries | 2005 | Copyright

SIC 1411
DIMENSION STONE

This category covers establishments primarily engaged in mining or quarrying dimension stone. Also included are establishments engaged in producing rough blocks and slabs. Establishments primarily engaged in mining dimension soapstone or in mining or quarrying and shaping grindstones, pulpstones, millstones, burrstones, and sharpening stones are classified in SIC 1499: Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Minerals, Except Fuels. Establishments primarily engaged in dressing (shaping, polishing, or otherwise finishing) blocks and slabs are classified in SIC 3281: Cut Stone and Stone Products. Nepheline syenite mining operations are classified in SIC 1459: Clay, Ceramic, and Refractory Minerals, Not Elsewhere Classified.

NAICS Code(s)

212311 (Dimension Stone Mining and Quarry)

Industry Snapshot

In 2003, 132 U.S. companies produced 1.35 million tons of dimension stone for use in building, monuments, and curbing with a total value of $236 million. Roughly 176 quarries operated in 2003 in 34 states, with those in Indiana, Wisconsin, Georgia, Vermont, and Massachusetts accounting for 53 percent of the national output. Of the total industry tonnage, 34 percent was granite dimension stone, 28 percent limestone, 16 percent sandstone, 5 percent marble, 1 percent slate, and 16 percent other types of dimension stone.

The use of dimension stone in the high-end single-family housing sector was bolstered by an increase in residential construction in the early 2000s. Despite a weak U.S. economy, historically low interest rates fueled new housing starts. Increased use of granite and marble dimension stone in residential kitchens and bathrooms, limestone dimension stone in landscaping stone and ledges, and "worked" or hand-carved dimension stone and roofing slate in residential homes indicated that the residential segment would continue to be an expanding market for U.S. dimension stone producers.

Organization and Structure

The U.S. quarrying industry as a whole encompasses two major sectors: crushed stone and dimension stone. Within the dimension stone segment, companies mine, cut, and in some instances prepare stone blocks for such uses as building stone, monument stone, paving stone, and curbing. The dimension stone industry traditionally has accounted for only 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the 1 billion total tons of stone produced annually.

Dimension stone consists of both rough block and dressed stone. Rough stone accounted for 52 percent of all dimension stone produced by U.S. firms in 2003. Roughly 45 percent of rough block was used in building, and 23 percent was used in irregular shaped stone applications. The largest uses of dressed stone were flagging, curbing, and ashlar (a squared cut of stone used as facing material).

Among the many minerals mined for use as dimension stone by U.S. producers are basalt and diabase. Although these minerals, known collectively as trap rock or "trap," are primarily used in crushed stone, small amounts are quarried, cut, and polished as "black granite" for dimension stone. Because traprock...

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