SIC 0115 Corn

Encyclopedia of American Industries | 2005 | Copyright

SIC 0115
CORN

This entry includes establishments primarily engaged in the production of field corn for grain or seed. Establishments primarily engaged in the production of sweet corn are classified under SIC 0161: Vegetables and Melons , and those producing popcorn are classified under SIC 0119: Cash Crops Not Elsewhere Classified.

NAICS Code(s)

111150 (Corn Farming)

Industry Snapshot

The United States is the world's leading producer and exporter of corn, growing about 40 percent of the global supply. Argentina, the next largest exporter, is a distant second. Although corn is grown in all 50 states, more than 80 percent of it comes from the section of the Midwest known as the Corn Belt, which consists of parts of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The leading corn-producing states are Iowa, Illinois, and Nebraska. In 2001 the U.S. corn crop was estimated at 9.5 billion bushels.

Throughout the 1990s corn was the number one U.S. crop in terms of acreage, with more than 70 million acres devoted to it. Throughout the decade, planted acreage of corn accounted for approximately 24.0 percent of all major field crops, the highest in the United States. By 2001 this percentage remained relatively unchanged. At that time, corn represented almost 25 percent of all crops harvested in the United States, accounting for some 75 million acres. Corn has been the leading U.S. feed grain. Bushel usage rose steadily during the late 1990s and leveled off in 2000 and 2001 near 6.0 million bushels. Corn was a major source of livestock feed in the 1990s and early 2000s, with approximately 50 percent of the annual harvest being fed to chickens, hogs, and cattle.

By the early 2000s corn had a large variety of industrial and food applications. Although sweet corn was classified elsewhere (as a vegetable rather than a grain), field corn was an ingredient in many processed foods including breakfast cereals, salad dressings, margarine, syrup, soft drinks, and snack items. Corn had also been adapted for use in the manufacturing of ceramics, construction materials, disposable diapers, paper goods, textiles, and health and medical products such as penicillin, antibiotics, and vitamins. It had also been converted into fuel (ethanol) and biodegradable plastic.

Organization and Structure

Harvesting. In terms of harvesting, corn is the largest U.S. crop. Corn is planted in the spring and harvested in the summer and fall. The marketing season for the crop runs from September 1 to August 31.

Most corn is harvested with a combine, which picks the corn from the stalk, removes the husks, and shells and cleans the corn. The shelled corn is dried for storage. Corn can also be harvested...

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