SIC 3111 Leather Tanning and Finishing

Encyclopedia of American Industries | 2005 | Copyright

SIC 3111
LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING

This category includes establishments primarily engaged in tanning, currying, and finishing raw or cured hides and skins into leather. Converters and dealers who buy hides, skins, or leather for processing under contracts with tanners and/or finishers are also included in this category.

NAICS Code(s)

316110 (Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing)

Industry Snapshot

Leather tanning and finishing in the United States is a multibillion dollar industry. According to the United States Census Bureau, the dollar value of U.S. leather industry shipments in 2000 was $3.16 billion, down from $3.57 billion in 1997. In the United States, automotive upholstery and casual footwear make up most of the leather market. The number of companies engaged in leather tanning and finishing has declined since the 1980s, as larger firms acquired smaller ones. The number of U.S. tanning and finishing establishments decreased from 342 in the early 1980s to 328 in the late 1990s. Competition from overseas leather tanners—especially in developing nations—has adversely affected the industry in the United States.

Leather tanning in the United States is primarily the work of privately held companies. The vast majority of the leather processed in the United States is cattle hide. So-called specialty leathers—including deer, calf, pig, goat, sheep, lamb, kangaroo, and various reptiles—represent only about 5 percent. With 72 establishments, New York has the most companies engaged in leather tanning and finishing. Massachusetts, California, Texas, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and New Jersey are each home to more than ten tanneries.

Organization and Structure

Leather tanning is a process in which chemical agents and extracts are applied to various types of hides and skins in order to prevent rotting. Not all tanneries follow the same method of processing hides into leather. However, the process described here is used by the majority. First, the hides must be prepared for tanning at the packing house. This includes unhairing (a lime solution loosens the hair, making removal easier), fleshing (cleaning off the inner side of the hides), and bating (removing the lime from the hides). Next, the skins and hides are cured

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