SIC 2752 Commercial Printing, Lithographic Encyclopedia of American Industries | 2005 | COPYRIGHT 2005 The Gale Group, Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

SIC 2752
COMMERCIAL PRINTING, LITHOGRAPHIC

This category includes establishments involved primarily in printing by various processes involving lithography. It includes printers using web and flat sheet technologies. Terms describing the processes include offset printing, photo-offset printing, photolithography, and planography.

Most of this industry's work is done on a custom-job basis. Typical products include advertising posters, circulars, coupons, and labels. In addition, some products such as calendars, maps, posters, and decalcomanias are bulk manufactured and offered for sale. Greeting card printers, however, are classified in SIC 2771.

Lithographed newspapers and periodicals made by printing companies that are not publishers are also included in this industry. Establishments primarily involved in printing books are classified in SIC 2732. Newspaper, periodical, and book publishers are classified in SICs 2711, 2721, and 2731, respectively.

Establishments primarily involved in preparing plates and related prepress services are classified in SIC2796. Establishments offering photocopying services are classified in SIC 7334.

NAICS Code(s)

323114 (Quick Printing)

323110 (Commercial Lithographic Printing)

Industry Snapshot

"Lithography" describes the printing process in which ink is transferred from a plate with a level surface that has been chemically treated to make some areas ink-receptive and others ink-repellent. The term "offset lithography" was coined to describe the process by which an image is transferred from a lithographic plate onto a rubber blanket cylinder and then pressed from the cylinder onto paper or other substrates. About 50 percent of all the printing done in the United States is lithographic.

In 2000, the commercial printing industry shipped approximately $98 billion in goods; lithography accounted for $55 billion of this total. The lithography industry employed a total of 416,547 workers, accounting for more than half of all commercial printing industry employees. Advertising printing was offset lithography's largest single category in the late 1990s. It was projected that direct advertising materials would continue rapid growth to combat the electronic media. Examples of advertising products were direct mail circulars, letters, pamphlets, mailing inserts, and brochures. Other large categories included periodical printing and general business paperwork printing.

Background and Development

The term "lithography" comes from two Greek words: lithos, meaning "stone," and graphien, meaning "to write." The process was developed by the German inventor Aloys Senefelder, who discovered that by treating limestone with gum arabic, nitric acid, and a mixture of soap and tallow, he could make parts of the...

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