Baghdad University
BAGHDAD UNIVERSITY
Administrative unit, dating from 1957, which centralized ten of the twelve autonomous colleges in Iraq.
In Baghdad, the first institutions of modern higher education were the College of Law and the Higher Teachers' Training School. By the time steps for unification were taken, schools of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, engineering, agriculture, commerce, arts and sciences, and veterinary science had been added. The Shariʿa College (of Islamic law) was incorporated into the university in 1960.
In 1992, there were twelve colleges and seven higher institutes under the Baghdad University administration, and the colleges in Basra and Mosul originally attached to Baghdad have developed into separate universities. Student enrollment in 1985 was 44,307, with 1,346 engaged in postgraduate studies. Iraq has been ranked second to Egypt in the region for producing university graduates in the sciences; it does, however, lose many trained scientists through emigration.
John J. Donohue
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Research on effect of limestone and gypsum on [C.sub.3]A, [C.sub.3]S and PC clinker system.(Technical report)
Magazine article from: Construction and Building Materials; 8/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...C.sub.3]S were prepared by chemosynthesis of a well blended mixture of analytical...high temperature. The conditions of chemosynthesis are presented in Table 1. After chemosynthesis, the samples were ground to size less...
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Stable isotope variation among the mussel Bathymodiolus childressi and associated heterotrophic fauna at four cold-seep communities in the Gulf of Mexico.(Report)
Magazine article from: Journal of Shellfish Research; 3/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...KEY WORDS: Bathymodiolus childressi, stable isotopes, chemosynthesis INTRODUCTION The continental slope in the Gulf of Mexico...13]C and [sup.15]N than material derived though chemosynthesis at the cold seeps. As an organism incorporates nutrients...
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Life blooms on floor of deep Siberian lake.
Magazine article from: Science News; 8/18/1990; ; 700+ words
; ...oceanic vent communities rely on a process called chemosynthesis, drawing their basic energy from chemical nutrients...fluids. Biologists now seek to determine whether chemosynthesis supports the Baikal communities, says Barbara Hecker...
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Bacteria are proof that living things can survive on ocean's bottom.(Knight Ridder Newspapers)
Newspaper article from: Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service; 8/18/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...instead of light, subsurface organisms are said to employ "chemosynthesis" instead of photosynthesis _ the familiar process by which...dioxide and water. According to Juniper, the concept of chemosynthesis provides a "startling challenge to the long-held view...
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Hydrothermal vent mussel habitat chemistry, pre- and post-eruption at 9[degrees]50' north on the East Pacific Rise.(Report)
Magazine article from: Journal of Shellfish Research; 3/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...filter feed (Fisher et al. 1988, Page et al. 1991). Chemosynthesis occurs through aerobic conditions with microbial oxidation...1988, Page et al. 1991), they can depend less on the chemosynthesis of microbes when sulfide levels are low. Their endosymbionts...
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 "Post-Tribune (IN)")
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Books take readers deep into ocean mysteries
Newspaper article from: Post-Tribune (IN); 10/5/2006; ; 652 words
; ...but are not. Cracks in the ocean floor create deep-sea vents of boiling hot water, and a large group of animals use chemosynthesis to survive, depending on chemicals in the water rather than sun light. Giant squid One of the fascinating animals that...
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HISPANIC ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY'S LEADERSHIP DAY ENCOURAGES VALLEY YOUTH TO PURSUE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS CAREERS
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 9/30/2009; 700+ words
; ...documented. "There were creatures living in total darkness and duplicating photosynthesis in the dark - a process known as chemosynthesis," Ballard said. "Everything I've been telling you was not in any of the textbooks when I was your age. So remember...
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The new Law of the Sea.
Magazine article from: Contemporary Review; 7/1/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...darkness, incredible water pressure, and the extremes of water temperature. Instead of photosynthesis, these creatures use chemosynthesis to convert highly toxic water into the staff of life. With the ending of the Cold War, there is hope that increased resources...
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A celebration of the sea.
Magazine article from: Popular Science; 5/1/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...the sea's hidden recesses. Life forms that live off the energy of the Earth instead of the sun, through the magic of chemosynthesis. And from these life forms we may better understand the origin of life on this planet and its potential on other planets...
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VOYAGE REVEALS EXTRAORDINARY LIFE AROUND DEEP-SEA GAS SEEPS
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 11/27/2006; 700+ words
; ...animals living in symbiosis with microbes that can convert these energy-rich chemicals to living matter (a form of "chemosynthesis") in the absence of sunlight. New Zealand is one of the few places in the world where at least four types of chemosynthetic...
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bacterial chemosynthesis
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
bacterial chemosynthesis See CHEMOSYNTHESIS .
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chemosynthesis
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
chemosynthesis process in which carbohydrates are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water using chemical nutrients as the energy source, rather...
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Volcano
Encyclopedia entry from: UXL Encyclopedia of Science
...magma chamber causes the collapse of the volcano above it. Chemosynthesis: Process by which the energy from certain chemical reactions...The energy source is chemical, not solar, and is called chemosynthesis. Seamounts (underwater volcanoes) form when oceanic plates...
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primary productivity
Book article from: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences
...substances that may be used as food materials. Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the total rate of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis, including that portion of the organic material produced that is used in respiration during the measurement period. Net...
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chemoautotroph
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
chemoautotroph See autotrophic nutrition ; chemosynthesis .
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