Mir Space Station
MIR SPACE STATION
The Mir ("world") space station was a modular space facility providing living and working accommodations for cosmonauts and astronauts during its fifteen-plus years in orbit around the Earth. The core module of Mir was launched on February 20, 1986, and the station complex was commanded to a controlled re-entry into the earth's atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean on March 23, 2001, where its parts either burned up or sank in the ocean.
The core module provided basic services—living quarters, life support, and power—for those staying aboard Mir. In subsequent years, five additional modules were launched and attached to the core to add to the research and crew support capabilities of the space station; the last module was attached in 1996.
More than one hundred cosmonauts and astronauts visited Mir during its fifteen years in orbit. One, Soviet cosmonaut Valery Polyakov, stayed in orbit for 438 days, the longest human space flight in history. Beginning in 1995, the U.S. space shuttle carried out docking missions with Mir, and seven U.S. astronauts stayed on Mir for periods ranging from 115 to 188 days. These Shuttle-Mir missions were carried out in preparation for Russian-U.S. cooperation in the International Space Station program.
Toward the end of its time in orbit, there was an attempt to turn Mir into a facility operated on a commercial basis: for instance, allowing noncosmonauts to purchase a trip to the station. However, Mir was de-orbited before such a trip took place.
The primary legacy of Mir is the extensive experience it provided in the complexities of organizing and managing long-duration human space flights, as well as insights into the effect of long stays in space on the human body. As the Mir station aged, keeping it in operating condition became a full-time task for its crew, and this limited its scientific output.
See also: international space station; space program
bibliography
Burrough, Bryan. (1998). Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis aboard Mir. New York: HarperCollins.
John M. Logsdon
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
 "Maps.com (Historical Maps)")
|
Western Expansion in the United States, 1804-1807 -- Nootka Sound, Oregon Country, Lewis and Clark Pass, Lemhi Pass, Columbia River, Snake River, Yellowstone River, Missouri River, Mandan Villages, La
Map from: Maps.com (Historical Maps); 1/1/2002; 274 words
; 00-00-0000 Western Expansion in the United States, 1804-1807 -- Nootka Sound, Oregon Country, Lewis and Clark Pass, Lemhi Pass, Columbia River, Snake River, Yellowstone River, Missouri River, Mandan...
|
|
Sound of silence: for high adventure and great fishing, tow your boat to Nootka Sound, on the shores of Vancouver Island.(TBM Destination)
Magazine article from: Trailer Boats; 1/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...Getting to British Columbia's Nootka Sound isn't easy. And it isn't for...clear as we turned a corner into the sound's tiny Galliano Bay, shut our...Fish Camp--the floating lodge in Nootka Sound. "They sit on the dock after...
|
|
Braving the Nootka Trail: It's a tough six-day trek to the beginning of aboriginal time on the wild, unprotected shores of this alluring, remote island.
Magazine article from: Beautiful British Columbia; 3/22/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...time for a rest. Our journey to Nootka, a 526-square-kilometre island...at the head of Muchalat Inlet in Nootka Sound. As I gobbled down a hasty breakfast...industry have stretched over most of Nootka Sound in the form of logging and...
|
|
Captive of the Nootka Indians: The Northwest Coast Adventure of John R. Jewitt, 1802-1806. (book reviews)
Magazine article from: The American Indian Quarterly; 6/22/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...Jewitt's recollections of life at Nootka Sound which have appeared over the years...volume Jewitt's journal (written at Nootka Sound) and the longer narrative...Coast in 1803. After arriving at Nootka Sound the ship was seized by Maquinna...
|
|
A slave among the Nootka: when the massacre began above deck, John Jewitt feared for his life. But what seemed like the end was the beginning--of an unforgettable two-year adventure.
Magazine article from: The Beaver: Exploring Canada's History; 2/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...powerful chief of the village of Nootka on the west coast of Vancouver Island...journal. The only known account of Nootka life before European colonization...America, they reached Woody Point in Nootka Sound on March 12, 1803. Salter had heard...
|
|
LET NOOTKA'S ISOLATION, HISTORY FLOAT YOUR BOAT
Newspaper article from: The Columbian; 9/29/2002; ; 700+ words
; 00-00-0000 NOOTKA SOUND, B.C. -- We don't...Phyllis, and I had come to Nootka Sound to find something...stunning blue waters of the sound at Cougar Creek Recreational...safer protected bays and sounds. Equipped with a map...
|
 "Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA)")
|
TWO ORCAS LIKE PEAS WITHOUT PODS SCIENTISTS PUZZLE OVER THE LONE WHALES IN PUGET SOUND, B.C.<.(News)
Newspaper article from: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA); 2/2/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Island inlet, the other in Puget Sound - are puzzling scientists who say...Luna, was discovered last July in Nootka Sound along the rugged northwestern coast...designation of L-98, has been living in Nootka Sound at least since July. The whale...
|
 "Deseret News (Salt Lake City)")
|
7 Puget Sound orcas missing, presumed dead
Newspaper article from: Deseret News (Salt Lake City); 10/26/2008; ; 700+ words
; SEATTLE -- Seven Puget Sound killer whales are missing and...biggest decline among the Puget Sound orcas since 1999, when the...from other killer whales. The sounds they make are considered a...from his pod and turned up in Nootka Sound, off the west coast...believed to be Luna died in ...
|
|
Researchers: 7 orcas missing from Puget Sound
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/25/2008; 700+ words
; Seven Puget Sound killer whales are missing and...biggest decline among the Puget Sound orcas since 1999, when the...from other killer whales. The sounds they make are considered a...from his pod and turned up in Nootka Sound, off the west coast...believed to be Luna died in Nootka ...
|
|
Intriguing clues support amateur historians' theory that Drake discovered Puget Sound.(Seattle Times)
Newspaper article from: Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service; 9/5/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...when he met Moses Smith, a Nootka Indian elder on Vancouver Island...was not the first white man in Nootka territory," Ward recalls...described as California didn't sound like California." Ward became...to Georgia Strait and Puget Sound _ all in search of the Northwest...
|
|
Nootka Sound
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Nootka Sound inlet of the Pacific Ocean and natural harbor...Canada, lying between the mainland and Nootka Island (206 sq mi/534 sq km). The mouth...explorer, established a trading post on Nootka Sound in 1788. Its seizure by Spaniards...
|
|
Nootka Sound crisis
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to British History
Nootka Sound crisis, 1790–1. In May 1789 two Spanish warships entered Nootka Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island, pulled down the British flag...
|
|
Nootka
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Cultures
...walk through a Nootka village at Nootka Bay. In 1803, John Jewitt, a sailor...was captured by Chief Maquinna at Nootka Sound and lived there for more than two...slave. Beginning around 1800 the Nootka were drawn into the fur trade, first...
|
|
|
John Meares
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Alaska, wintered in Prince William Sound, and then returned to East Asia. Two years later he went to Nootka Sound , erected a trading post on its shores...Columbia. In 1789 his establishment at Nootka Sound was seized by the Spanish...
|
|
Washington, State of
Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History
...separates the urbanized Puget Sound region from the less-populated...established a fur trade post at Nootka on Vancouver Island, which...and Britain, resulting in the Nootka Convention of 1790 and Spain...of water he called Puget's Sound for Britain. The Columbia River...
|
