Quiz Show Scandals
QUIZ SHOW SCANDALS
QUIZ SHOW SCANDALS. A quiz show craze swept the United States in the 1950s. Television programs, such as CBS's The $64,000 Question, turned contestants into instant celebrities. One contestant, Charles Van Doren, reigned for fifteen weeks as champion of
NBC's Twenty-One. The handsome, bright college instructor created a national sensation, winning $129,000, and even landing the cover of Time magazine.
Quiz show ratings skyrocketed under the guise of honest competition, but two whistleblowers—Edward Hilgemeier and former Twenty-One champion Herb Stempel—revealed that the shows were rigged. Champions, such as Van Doren, were chosen for their dashing looks and personality, and were fed the answers beforehand. Contestants were even instructed when to pause for greatest dramatic effect.
Quiz show fraud tainted the television industry. Van Doren initially denied being coached, only later confessing under pressure from a congressional inquiry in 1959. Critics pointed to quiz shows as confirming the decline of American morals. As a result, television networks added more news and documentary programs during the 1960s. Robert Redford brought the quiz show scandal to life in the 1994 motion picture Quiz Show, starring Ralph Fiennes as Van Doren. Van Doren did not cooperate with Redford on the film version and has never spoken publicly about the scandals.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anderson, Kent. Television Fraud: The History and Implications of the Quiz Show Scandals. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1978.
DeLong, Thomas A. Quiz Craze: America's Infatuation with Game Shows. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1991.
Bob Batchelor
See also Scandals ; Television: Programming and Influence .
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Reevaluation of the Role of the med-1 and med-2 Genes in Specifying the Caenorhabditis elegans Endoderm
Magazine article from: Genetics; 10/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...for specification of the C. elegans endoderm (intestine or E lineage) as well...2 are necessary for C. elegans endoderm specification was based on a partially penetrant (~50%) loss of endoderm markers produced by RNA-mediated...
|
|
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BOVINE VISCERAL ENDODERM CELL LINE DERIVED FROM A PARTHENOGENETIC BLASTOCYST
Magazine article from: In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology; 5/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...The BPE-1 cells resembled visceral endoderm previously cultured from blastocysts...for functional comparisons with bovine endoderm cell lines derived from IVF and nuclear...bovine; cell; line; parthenogenic; endoderm. INTRODUCTION In vitro models of bovine...
|
|
|
Isolation and characterization of porcine visceral endoderm cell lines derived from in vivo 11-day blastocysts
Magazine article from: In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology; 2/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...porcine cell lines of yolk-sac visceral endoderm, designated as PE-1 and PE-2, were...cells morphologically resembled visceral endoderm previously cultured from in vivo-derived...several genes typical for yolk-sac endoderm differentiation and function including...
|
|
Novocell Obtains U.S. Patent for Drug Screening Human Embryonic Cell Derived-Endoderm Cells.
Business Wire; 6/3/2009; 700+ words
; ...Patent Covers Methods for Identifying Endoderm Differentiation Factors SAN DIEGO...with method claims covering the use of endoderm cells derived from human embryonic stem...patent issued to Novocell related to human endoderm. U.S. Patent No. 7,510,876...
|
|
Ventral midline endoderm situated to act as ventral organizer of head and heart.
Newspaper article from: Cardiovascular Week; 3/31/2003; 679 words
; ...NewsRx.net) -- The ventral midline endoderm is ideally situated to function as a...various cell populations, including endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest. Here...population. We show that the ventral midline endoderm of the foregut is generated directly...
|
|
A systematic screen for genes expressed in definitive endoderm by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE).(Research article)(Report)
Magazine article from: BMC Developmental Biology; 8/2/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...1,3,4] Background The definitive endoderm (DE) is a population of multi-potent...controlling body metabolism. Interest in the endoderm has intensified recently because processes...ventral foregut patterning suggest that endoderm patterning is controlled by soluble factors...
|
|
|
Extra-embryonic endoderm cells derived from ES cells induced by GATA Factors acquire the character of XEN cells.(Research article)(embryonic stem)(extra-embryonic endoderm)
Magazine article from: BMC Developmental Biology; 7/3/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...the blastocyst cavity differentiates into primitive endoderm (PrE), precursor cells of the extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn) lineage. PrE subsequently differentiates into visceral endoderm (VE) and parietal endoderm (PE) [1]. VE forms...
|
|
|
Regionalisation of the mouse visceral endoderm as the blastocyst transforms into the egg cylinder.(Research article)(Report)
Magazine article from: BMC Developmental Biology; 8/16/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...all foetal tissues. Finally the primitive endoderm, lining the blatocoelic surface of the epiblast, will give rise to the visceral endoderm (VE), and to the parietal endoderm, which migrates away along the mural trophectoderm...
|
|
|
Time-dependent patterning of the mesoderm and endoderm by Nodal signals in zebrafish.(Research article)
Magazine article from: BMC Developmental Biology; 3/28/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...blastula stage embryos, for example, endoderm progenitors are restricted to the four...related proteins to induce mesoderm and endoderm is conserved throughout the vertebrate...lack all derivatives of the mesoderm and endoderm in the head and trunk, including the...
|
|
|
Neither Maternal nor Zygotic med-1/med-2 Genes Play a Major Role in Specifying the Caenorhabditis elegans Endoderm
Magazine article from: Genetics; 2/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...specification of both the mesoderm and the endoderm of Caenorhabditis elegans. However...necessary to specify the C. elegans endoderm. Contradicting our conclusions, a recent...the med-1/2 genes do indeed show an endoderm-specifying maternal effect. In this...
|
|
endoderm
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
endoderm , in biology, inner layer of tissue formed...cup. The inner layer of the cup is the endoderm; the outer layer is the ectoderm ; a...mesoderm , forms from a marginal zone. The endoderm is the germ layer from which are formed...
|
|
Body Cavities
Book article from: Animal Sciences
...distinct tissue layers, an ectoderm and endoderm, separated by a third layer called the...layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In these acoelomate bilatarian phyla...develops between the mesoderm and the endoderm. Developmentally, the pseudocoelom...
|
|
Beneden, Edouard Van
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...Huxley, Lankester, and Haeckel; Van Beneden suggested that ectoderm and endoderm have opposed sexual significance, the ectoderm being the male layer and the endoderm the female layer. He thereafter recognized the hermaphrodite nature of the...
|
|
|
ectoderm
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...gastrulation has occurred. This outer layer, together with the endoderm , or inner layer, is present in all early embryos. In the...middle layer, the mesoderm , is formed between the ectoderm and endoderm during gastrulation, and the process is termed triploblastic...
|
|
|
coelom
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...between an outer layer, the ectoderm , and an inner layer, the endoderm . The coelom then forms as a result of the splitting and hollowing...mesoderm arises as the lining of folds developing from the endoderm, and the spaces within these folds form the coelom. The structure...
|
