The impact on topographic mapping of developments in land and air survey: 1900-1939.

From: Cartography and Geographic Information Science | Date: July 1, 2002| Author: | Copyright information

Introduction

The development of techniques for data gathering and their impact on topographic mapping can be divided into four phases. The first phase, before World War I, was characterized by numerous experiments using new techniques, often carried out by individuals, but with little direct impact on the making of maps. This phase was also one of considerable cross-national cooperation. During the second phase, World War I, progress was mainly in the development of simple techniques to assist in the rapid production of maps to meet military needs. The third phase, the 1920s, ...

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