Age and the second language lexicon.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia: international review of English Studies | January 1, 1998| | Copyright

1. Introductory. Age and the L2 learner: an overview

There is now a wide consensus (see, e.g., Cook 1991; Ellis 1994; Harley 1986; Harley -- Wang 1997; Long 1990; Singleton 1989, 1997) that the balance of evidence relative to age and second language (L2) learning broadly favours the line taken by Krashen, Long and Scarcella (1979) -- namely, that in "naturalistic" situations

(a) older children, adolescents and adults tend to outperform younger beginners -- at least in some respects -- in the initial stages of learning, but (b) as far as long-term outcomes ...

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