 "The Economist (US)")
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Dark secrets. (life without oxygen on the ocean floor)
The Economist (US)
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July 15, 1989
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COPYRIGHT 1989 Economist Newspaper Ltd. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group.
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Life without oxygen Dark secrets
WHEN the earth was formed, 4.6 billion years ago, its atmosphere probably consisted of methane, ammonia, water vapour and carbon monoxide. Oxygen, needed by the animal life that evolved later, is conspicuously absent from the list. Rocks suggest it became a permanent feature of the atmosphere only 2.4 billion years later, when photosynthetic bacteria used sunlight to make it out of carbon dioxide. Did any more complex organisms precede the microbes? If so, how did they survive?
A few answers are emerging. The first ...
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Lynching's legacy in American culture.(Report)
Magazine article from: The Mississippi Quarterly
; ...violence in Missouri, beginning with a lynching and ending with the expulsion of some...considered writing a multi-volume history of lynching in America, but the anticipation of...issues of racial violence, and especially lynching, in print. As Jean M. Lutes argues...
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Lynching in the West: 1850-1935.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Southern History
; ...lost the story of western lynching. First, most scholars rely...stopping the thousands of lynchings of African Americans in the...justice" has shielded western lynching from critical inquiry (p...Day shows that most western lynchings occurred in county seats that...
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Lynching in the West: 1850-1935
Magazine article from: The Journal of Southern History
; ...lost the story of western lynching. First, most scholars rely...stopping the thousands of lynchings of African Americans in the...justice" has shielded western lynching from critical inquiry (p...Day shows that most western lynchings occurred in county seats that...
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Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880-1930.
Magazine article from: The Mississippi Quarterly
; ...communal, ritualistic lynching. These communal...only a minority of lynchings in both states...however, That most lynchings followed murders...that the decline in lynching had begun by 1930...interpretations of lynchings as well. Most important...explanations for lynching of what may ...
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Lynching Law Has Unintended Results; Blacks in S.C. Are Often Charged With Violating Law Enacted to Protect Them
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post
; ...his death. Like it or not, lynching is part of any black Southerner...black youths were charged with lynching -- more than 10 times the...photographs showing the horror of lynchings. When Broadwater practiced...represented many fellow blacks on lynching charges. Most, he says...
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Lynching in America: A History in Documents
Magazine article from: The Journal of Southern History
; Lynching in America: A History in Documents...Like that thought-provoking history of lynching, including its relationships to extralegal...to understand the meaning of the word lynching and to recognize its many politically...
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Lynching in America: A History in Documents.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Southern History
; Lynching in America: A History in Documents...Like that thought-provoking history of lynching, including its relationships to extralegal...to understand the meaning of the word lynching and to recognize its many politically...
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Lynching in Colorado, 1859-1919/The Many Faces of Judge Lynch: Extralegal Violence and Punishment in America
Magazine article from: The Journal of Southern History
; Lynching in Colorado, 1859-1919...Leonard concentrates on 175 lynchings that took place in Colorado...been the primary reason that lynching in places like Colorado has...Dixon line. Of course, lynching's more frequent occurrence...
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 "Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO)")
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LYNCHING IN AMERICA'S GRIM LEGACY.(Entertainment/Weekend/Spotlight)(Review)
Newspaper article from: Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO)
; ...magazine articles about lynching in 1882), Dray's...recorded more than 3,400 lynchings in the Southern states...explaining the origins of lynching and its subsequent peaks...despite the fact that most lynchings were spontaneous in...have never romanticized lynching the way they sometimes...
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Lynching in Colorado, 1859-1919.(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Southern History
; Lynching in Colorado, 1859-1919...Leonard concentrates on 175 lynchings that took place in Colorado...been the primary reason that lynching in places like Colorado has...Dixon line. Of course, lynching's more frequent occurrence...
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