"Drill into us ... the Rebel tradition": The Contest over Southern Identity in Black and White Women's Clubs, South Carolina, 1898-1930.

From: The Journal of Southern History | Date: August 1, 2000| Author: | Copyright information

IN HER MEMOIRS, MAMIE GARVIN FIELDS, AN AFRICAN AMERICAN CLUB-WOMAN from Charleston, South Carolina, relates a story about the statue of South Carolina statesman John C. Calhoun that still stands in Francis Marion Square, in the center of downtown Charleston. According to Fields: 

   At the same time that [Frederick] Douglass was preaching against slavery, 
   John C. Calhoun was preaching for it.... Our white city fathers wanted to 
   keep what [Calhoun] stood for alive.... [T]hey put up a life-size figure of 
   John C. Calhoun preaching.... Blacks took that statue personally. As ...

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