STMs create electron-density maps. (scanning tunneling microscope)

R & D | June 1, 1998| | Copyright

Until 1924, when de Broglie suggested that electrons possessed a dual, wave-like nature, microscope resolution was limited by the wavelength of the radiation illuminating the sample. Built in the 1930s, the first electron microscopes were based on de Broglie's idea that electron beams exhibit wavelike motions. Further developments advanced these microscopes into the nanometer realm.

At the same time, microscopes based on probe techniques continued to advance. In 1956, the first scanning near-field microscope was introduced by J. O'Keefe. In his microscope, light was ...

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