Meta-analysis of free-response ESP studies without altered states of consciousness. (extrasensory perception) From: The Journal of Parapsychology | Date: December 1, 1997| Author: Milton, Julie | COPYRIGHT 1997 Parapsychology Press. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group.Copyright information

Seventy-eight free-response ESP studies in which participants were not in an altered state of consciousness were meta-analyzed. There was a highly significant cumulative effect (Stouffer z = 5.72, p [less than] 5.4 x [10.sup.-8], one-tailed). The mean effect size (z/[N.sub.1,2]) was 0.16 (SD = 0.29). Crude selective reporting appears to be an implanslble counterexplanation of the overall cumulation and there were no strong positive indications that methodological artifacts played a role in pr...

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