The conclusion of Azuela's 'The Underdogs' and Hemingway's 'For Whom the Bell Tolls.' (Mariano Azuela, Ernest Hemingway) From: The Hemingway Review | Date: March 22, 1998| Author: | COPYRIGHT 1998 Ernest Hemingway Foundation. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information) Copyright information

The last scene of Mariano Azuela's 'The Underdogs' resembles Ernest Hemingway's final chapter of 'For Whom the Bell Tolls.' The novels feature civil war combatants' retreats in the face of numerous enemy troops with the protagonists staying behind to fight. Bravery, loyalty, self-sufficiency and the idealization of democracy are common themes in these novels.

INTERNAL EVIDENCE SUGGESTS that when Ernest Hemingway wrote the final chapter of For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), he was influenced by the final scene of Los de Abajo, a novel by Mexican writer Mariano Azuela first published in 1916 ...

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