Abstract art -- work that is neither figurative, mimetic nor empirically descriptive of the external world -- has been a relative latecomer in the Western tradition, although it seems to be the rule rather than the exception within many non-Western cultures. Art historians generally locate the emergence of pure abstraction in a series of founding moments: Brancusi's stylized sculptural heads and Kandinsky's quasi-abstract paintings of 1911, the collages of Picasso and Braque of 1913, Malevich's seminal Black Square of 1915, the "breakthrough" paintings of Mondrian of 1917.

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