The victory of Charles V outside Leipzig at Muhlberg over the forces of his rebellious Protestant princes, marked a high-point for the Habsburg emperor in his life-long attempt to maintain his authority in Germany as a loyal Catholic ruler in the face of the divisions and challenges that the Reformation posed to his authority.

Ever since his pronouncement at the Diet of Worms in 1521 in favour of the Roman Catholic Church, and against the challenge of Martin Luther, Charles had struggled to retain the allegiance of, and control over, those German princes who for ...

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