Appetitive backward conditioning in pigeons. From: The Psychological Record | Date: March 22, 1994| Author: Brown, Bruce L.; De Vaca, Soledad Cabeza; Hemmes, Nancy S. | COPYRIGHT 1994 Psychological Record. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group.Copyright information

A systematic replication of Hearst's (1989) demonstration of excitatory, appetitive backward conditioning with pigeons was undertaken. On each training session, two types of backward conditioning trials were presented: On positive trials, hopper presentation (the unconditioned stimulus, or US) was followed by illumination of a pigeon key (the positive backward conditioned stimulus, or CS) for 6 s. On negative trials, a different 6-s keylight (the negative backward CS) followed presentation of...

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