From Bakke to Grutter: the Supreme Court and the struggle over affirmative action in the era of globalization.(Allen Bakke, Barbara Grutter) From: The Western Journal of Black Studies | Date: December 22, 2004| Author: | COPYRIGHT 2004 The Western Journal of Black Studies. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group.Copyright information

This paper explores the progress and evolution of the legal fight over affirmative action. Relying on primary and secondary sources, the study examines selected landmark cases over the years, from the Bakke case of 1978 to the recent Grutter case of the 2003. The study concludes that the central theme in the courts' position is that any program to achieve racial or ethnic diversity must be flexible, with race considered as a plus factor. However, such program must be conducted in a holistic fashion so as to create the opportunity in which applicants are compared against others, as to guard ...

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