The literature behind Venezuelan Bolivarianism.

Military Review | March 1, 2006| | Copyright

IN AN INTERVIEW with a Caracas newspaper in 2005, British historian Malcolm Deas claimed that "Bolivarianism is an ideology without content." (1) Whether Deas is right or not, it is certainly difficult to say with any certainty what Bolivarianism really stands for, because it is full of contradictions and paradoxes. An examination of some of its key texts might help illuminate this vaguely articulated but much-contested political term.

Bolivarianism, as a coherent public concept, emerged during the presidency of General Eleazar Lopez-Contreras (1936-1941), who ...

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