Airborne multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from a concentrated swine feeding operation.(Research) From: Environmental Health Perspectives | Date: February 1, 2005| Author: | COPYRIGHT 2005 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group.Copyright information

The use of nontherapeutic levels of antibiotics in swine production can select for antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria in swine. As a result, retail pork products, as well as surface and groundwaters contaminated with swine waste, have been shown to be sources of human exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, it is unclear whether the air within swine operations also serves as a source of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. To investigate this issue, we sampled the air within a concentrated swine feeding operation with an ...

<1) 
  Total                                    137 (100) 
 
Table 2. MIC distributions for five antibiotics observed in airborne 
Enterococcus collected from a swine CAFO. 
 
                         No. of bacterial isolates with the 
                           following MICs ([micro]g/mL) 
 
Bacteria, antibiotic     [less than or equal to] 0.5   1 
 
Enterococcus (n = 38) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin                         1 
  Virginiamycin                      19                5 
  Tetracycline 
  Vancomycin                         38 
E. dispar (n=4) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin                       4 
  Tetracycline 
  Vancomycin                          4 
E. durans(n = 2) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin 
  Tetracycline 
  Vancomycin                          2 
E. faecalis (n = 6) 
  Erythromycin                        1 
  Clindamycin                         1 
  Virginiamycin                       2                3 
  Tetracycline 
  Vancomycin                          6 
E. faecium (n = 1) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin 
  Tetracycline 
  Vancomycin                          1 
E. hirae (n = 14) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin                       8 
  Tetracycline 
  Vancomycin                         14 
Other (n = 11) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin                       5                2 
  Tetracycline 
  Vancomycin                         11 
 
                         No. of bacterial isolates with the 
                           following MICs ([micro]g/mL) 
 
Bacteria, antibiotic      2   4   8    16    32    64 
 
Enterococcus (n = 38) 
  Erythromycin            1 
  Clindamycin                     1     1     1     3 
  Virginiamycin           5   9 
  Tetracycline                1   2     7     6    17 
  Vancomycin 
E. dispar (n=4) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin                                       1 
  Virginiamycin 
  Tetracycline                                      3 
  Vancomycin 
E. durans(n = 2) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin           1   1 
  Tetracycline                1   1 
  Vancomycin 
E. faecalis (n = 6) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin                     1 
  Virginiamycin               1 
  Tetracycline                          2     1     2 
  Vancomycin 
E. faecium (n = 1) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin               1 
  Tetracycline                          1 
  Vancomycin 
E. hirae (n = 14) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin 
  Virginiamycin           2   4 
  Tetracycline                    1     2     1     8 
  Vancomycin 
Other (n = 11) 
  Erythromycin 
  Clindamycin                           1     1     2 
  Virginiamycin           2   2 
  Tetracycline                          2     4     4 
  Vancomycin 
 
                         No. of bacterial isolates with the 
                           following MICs ([micro]g/mL) 
 
Bacteria, antibiotic     128    256     256   %S    %I    %B 
 
Enterococcus (n = 38) 
  Erythromycin                           37     0     3    97 
  Clindamycin              8   23 (a)           3     0    97 
  Virginiamycin                                63    13    24 
  Tetracycline             5                    3     5    92 
  Vancomycin                                  100     0     0 
E. dispar (n=4) 
  Erythromycin                            4     0     0   100 
  Clindamycin              1    2 (a)           0     0   100 
  Virginiamycin                               100     0     0 
  Tetracycline             1                    0     0   100 
  Vancomycin                                  100     0     0 
E. durans(n = 2) 
  Erythromycin                            2     0     0   100 
  Clindamycin              1    1 (a)           0     0   100 
  Virginiamycin                                 0    50    50 
  Tetracycline                                 50    50     0 
  Vancomycin                                  100     0     0 
E. faecalis (n = 6) 
  Erythromycin                            5    17     0    83 
  Clindamycin              2    2 (a)          17     0    83 
  Virginiamycin                                83     0    17 
  Tetracycline             1                    0     0   100 
  Vancomycin                                  100     0     0 
E. faecium (n = 1) 
  Erythromycin                            1     0     0   100 
  Clindamycin              1                    0     0   100 
  Virginiamycin                                 0     0   100 
  Tetracycline                                  0     0   100 
  Vancomycin                                  100     0     0 
E. hirae (n = 14) 
  Erythromycin                           14     0     0   100 
  Clindamycin              2   12 (a)           0     0   100 
  Virginiamycin                                57    14    29 
  Tetracycline             2                    0     7    93 
  Vancomycin                                  100     0     0 
Other (n = 11) 
  Erythromycin                           11     0     0   100 
  Clindamycin              1    6 (a)           0     0   100 
  Virginiamycin                                64    18    18 
  Tetracycline             1                    0     0   100 
  Vancomycin                                  100     0     0 
 
Abbreviations: %I, percent intermediate; %R, percent resistant; 
%S, percent susceptible. 
 
(a) MIC is>

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