Under the cloudy skies that marked the declining days of the rainy season, the 1993 Enugu State Mmanwu Festival helped to modernize Igbo masking. Maskers and musicians, dancers and titled men paraded in the afternoon heat and helped shape traditional customs for use in contemporary Nigeria. Since its beginning in 1986, this ongoing urban masquerade festival has expressed both nostalgia for the past and anxiety about the future, and reflected ongoing political, technological, ...