International law and state transformation in China, Siam, and the Ottoman Empire during the Nineteenth Century.

From: Journal of World History | Date: December 1, 2004| Author: Horowitz, Richard S. | Copyright information

With the expansion of European political power in the nineteenth century, international law became a global phenomenon. Britain and other European states insisted that their Asian counterparts accept international legal practices. Through systems of unequal treaties, international law became an important element in the semicolonial systems established in Qing China, the Ottoman Empire, and Siam, and it shaped the transformation of each of these states. Faced with intense pressure t...

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