Oh monstrous lamp! Wendy Bird examines the special effects in Goya's a scene from El Hechizado por Fuerza in the National Gallery, London. Apollo | March 1, 2004| | COPYRIGHT 2004 Apollo Magazine Ltd. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Optical devices in the form of peepshows and magic lanterns existed from the sixteenth century and by the mid-eighteenth century had become extremely popular throughout Europe. In Spain they exercised a powerful fascination over an enthusiastic public, a social phenomenon to which Goya referred in a drawing of a tutilimundi (peepshow) (Fig. 2). (1) Neither did projecting devices, and their application to special optical effects in full scale theatres, escape the artist's attention.

[FIGURE 2 OMITTED]

The origins of the magic lantern lie in the 'camera obscura' phenomenon, ...

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