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temperament

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008

temperament in music, the altering of certain intervals from their acoustically correct values to provide a system of tuning whereby music can move from key to key without unacceptably impure sonorities. It is particularly necessary for keyboard instruments, the pitches of which cannot be varied in performance. Many systems have been devised, going back to the late 15th cent. "Just Intonation" refers to systems in which some fifths are tuned unacceptably small so that others may be pure. "Temperament" refers to systems that distribute the impurities throughout the tuning. Of these, "Equal Temperament" divides the octave into 12 equal half-steps, leaving all intervals except the octave slightly impure. (see tuning systems ).

Bibliography: See S. Isacoff, Temperament: The Idea That Solved Music's Greatest Riddle (2001).

Author not available, TEMPERAMENT., The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008

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