scanning tunneling microscope
scanning tunneling microscope device for studying and imaging individual atoms on the surfaces of materials. The instrument was invented in the early 1980s by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, who were awarded the 1986 Nobel prize in physics for their work. The underlying principle of the microscope is the tunneling of electrons between the sharp tip of a probe and the surface of the sample under study. The flow of electrons is extremely sensitive to the distance between the tip and the sample. As the tip is swept over the surface the height of the tip is continually adjusted so as to keep the flow of electrons constant. A map of the "bumps" on the surface is then obtained by accurately recording the height fluctuations of the tip.
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Models of the Renaissance
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 12/23/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...of seven architects, including Donato Bramante, Raphael and Michelangelo, and...model, which combines designs by Bramante, Cristoforo Rocchi and Giovan...takes away all the light from Bramante's plan, {leaving} so many...
|
|
Sistine set-up
Newspaper article from: The Independent on Sunday; 5/18/2008; ; 472 words
; ...target of a conspiracy hatched by Donato Bramante, the architect of St Peter's...humiliated. Art historians believe Bramante and Raphael's hatred of Michelangelo...tormentors. Vasari later wrote that Bramante, who held keys to the chapel...
|
|
No more plain ceiling
Newspaper article from: The Sunday Herald; 11/10/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...then to discover that one of his fiercest rivals, Donato Bramante, had persuaded the Pope to commission him to paint...feet Sistine Chapel ceiling, an awesome task at which Bramante believed Michelangelo would certainly fail. Certainly...
|
 "Reforma (México D.F., México)")
|
Esperanza para el mundo.(De Viaje)
Newspaper article from: Reforma (México D.F., México); 12/18/2005; 558 words
; ...cristianismo. Fue un encargo del papa Julio II, la inici Donato Bramante durante el Renacimiento, quien traz una planta simtrica...griega con una gran cpula sobre la cripta del santo. Bramante muri en 1514 y la edificacin se interrumpi hasta que...
|
|
Post Handbags
Magazine article from: Minnesota Monthly; 7/1/2009; ; 287 words
; ...pay tribute to renowned artists and their era. The Bramante collection (pictured) features a rendering of the brass medallion that Italian Renaissance artist Donato Bramante designed for Our Lady of Grace church in Milan. Each...
|
|
Houston's Historic Esperson Buildings Sold.
Business Wire; 1/5/2005; 700+ words
; ...towers with the tallest topped by a dramatic Italianate dome modeled on Rome's Tempietto of San Pietro designed by Donato Bramante and built in 1502. The two office buildings, known individually as the Niels and Mellie Esperson Buildings, named...
|
|
Anniversaries
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 3/11/1996; 538 words
; ...Matthews, actress and dancer, 1907; Lord Wilson of Rievaulx (John Harold Wilson), statesman, 1916. Deaths: Donato Bramante (d'Agnolo), architect, 1514; Hannah Cowley (Parkhouse), playwright and poet, 1809; Sir Alexander Mackenzie...
|
|
The museum that Gordon built
Newspaper article from: Scotland on Sunday; 8/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...Boarbank Oratory in 1985 was their first major breakthrough, and featured in several television programmes, winning the BBC Design Award. The oratory is a small building, and Benson and Forsyth based it on Donato Bramante's tiny Tempietto
|
|
Experts: Michelangelo Sketch Unknown
News Wire article from: AP Online; 12/7/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...lifetimes of some of the Renaissance's most celebrated artists and architects. The first architect of the basilica, Donato Bramante, died eight years after the cornerstone was laid. Other architects, including Raphael, followed, until Pope Paul...
|
|
Vatican restoring dome of St. Peter's Basilica
News Wire article from: AP Worldstream; 6/10/2005; ; 449 words
; ...consecrated the basilica in 1626. At least 10 architects succeeded each other as directors of the construction, among them Donato Bramante, who drew up the initial project, and Michelangelo, who designed the dome. Copyright 2005, AP News All Rights...
|
|
Donato Bramante
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Donato Bramante The Italian architect and painter Donato Bramante (1444-1514) was the first High Renaissance architect...architects. In the first decade of the 16th century Donato Bramante was the chief architect in Rome, which had just replaced...
|
|
Bramante, Donato
Book article from: A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
Bramante, Donato or Donato di Angelo di Pascuccio d'Antonio (1444–1514...was to alert him to the problems of designing centralized churches. Bramante's first significant church was Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Milan...
|
|
Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio; 1483–1520)
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
...as did his talented relative Donato Bramante (1444 – 1514), a painter...Rome, through the good offices of Bramante. ROMAN COMMISSIONS AND MICHELANGELO...this was the commission for which Bramante procured Raphael's participation...
|
|
|
Andrea Palladio
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...mature classicism in the work of Donato Bramante and his followers. With the sack...although it was first used by Bramante and was popularized in Serlio...ca. 1550-1552) is based on Bramante's Palazzo Caprini in Rome, but...
|
|
|
Rome, Architecture in
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
...x2013; 1513) on the design of Donato Bramante (1444 – 1514), who...crossing were begun according to Bramante's design, the plan was revised...private building in the city include Bramante's Palazzo Caprini (c. 1501...
|
