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fair-trade laws

fair-trade laws in the United States, a former group of statutes that permitted manufacturers to specify the minimum retail price of a commodity. The first fair-trade law was adopted (1931) by California. Intended to protect independent retailers from the price-cutting competition of large chain stores, such statutes were originally nullified by the courts, which found most fair-trade rules in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act . As a result, Congress passed (1937) the Miller-Tydings Act in order to exempt fair trade from antitrust legislation. In the late 1950s, however, many manufacturers began to abandon the practice of setting minimum retail prices, largely because of the difficulties involved in enforcing such agreements. With the post-World War II rise of bargain outlets for a wide range of consumer products, fair-trade laws became increasingly unpopular and were repealed in many jurisdictions. In 1975, federal legislation eliminated the remaining fair-trade laws.

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	Bill seeks to stop below-cost beer sales.(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Modern Brewery Age; 4/30/2001; 523 words ; ...as it has other bills over the years that sought to set minimum retail prices. To prohibit the sale of anything below cost is not...committee member, Bobby Denton, D-Tuscumbia, said setting minimum retail prices doesn't always work. He recalled that when oil companies... Read more
	U.S. Supreme Court changes course on minimum resale price maintenance: franchise companies must exercise care in adopting minimum retail price maintenance policies under Leegin.(FW FOCUS: LEGAL) Magazine article from: Franchising World; 11/1/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...the rule of reason analysis. Under the rule of reason, a minimum retail price restraint will be enforceable unless it is an unreasonable...and point-of-sale service. The court has also noted that minimum retail price maintenance by new product sellers may be particularly... Read more
	Price maintenance may benefit consumers. (advantage of allowing manufacturers to set minimum retail prices, known as resale price maintenance)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: USA Today (Magazine); 8/1/1998; 315 words ; ...research at Ohio State University, Columbus, suggests consumers sometimes may benefit if manufacturers are allowed to set minimum retail prices for their products. Consumer groups and Federal regulators have argued that setting minimum prices--a practice known... Read more
	Students take part in PBS auction.(Community connections) Magazine article from: Arts & Activities; 1/1/2004; ; 700+ words ; ...to art produced for self-satisfaction. When the artwork was finished, framed and ready for display, students decided on a minimum retail value and the work was delivered to the station for the auction. The first evening of the weekend auction, some of the students... Read more
	Norwegians still overpacking salmon, but move to cut down production costs. (QFFI's Global Seafood Magazine) Magazine article from: Quick Frozen Foods International; 1/1/1995; ; 700+ words ; ...prices by pumping up the salmon with brine before smoking to increase apparent weight by 15%. Some also cut smoking time to a minimum. Retail prices in Europe for finished salmon products are more or less determined by Norwegian raw material prices. Those prices... Read more
	Right data.(problems with raising minimum wage)(Column) Magazine article from: National Review; 6/17/1996; ; 563 words ; ...retailing, the industry most affected by the minimum wage, fell from 37.3 hours in 1963 to 28.9 in 1995. When facing a higher minimum, retail stores in New York cut commission payments, eliminated bonuses, and cut paid vacations and sick leave. Studies show that... Read more
	Friedel is satisfied with his lifestyle choice.(PROFILE OF THE WEEK: Mitch Friedel, executive vice president, Robert K. Futterman & Associates, LLC) Magazine article from: Real Estate Weekly; 3/22/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...lifestyle center, but we get involved with projects that are between 500 million s/f and 1 billion s/f. They're mini-cities. The minimum retail at one of these centers is between 300,000 s/f and 400,000 s/f. The division has been working as the consultant for the... Read more
	Former bank exec to get paid not to work.(Business) Newspaper article from: The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR); 8/3/2002; 417 words ; ...the costs. Riddle also gets to buy his company-provided vehicle, a 1998 Suburban, for $2,500. Kelley Blue Book lists the minimum retail value of a basic 1998 Suburban without options as $17,800. Riddle owned 210,640 shares of Pacific Continental Corp., or... Read more

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Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

	Fair-Trade Laws Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History FAIR-TRADE LAWS FAIR-TRADE LAWS. Fair-trade laws protect businesses and governments...issue; after World War II, fair-trade laws developed into a key tenet...Trade In the United States, fair-trade laws were first ... Read more
	competition Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...by a great variety of limitations, including copyrights , patents , and governmental regulation, such as fair-trade laws , minimum wage laws, and wage and price controls . Competition among merchants in foreign trade was common in ancient times... Read more
	Wagner, Robert Ferdinand Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law ...believer in the social welfare state and sponsored many federal laws that have shaped U.S. law and society. In the 1930s he worked...and management negotiated minimum wages, maximum hours, and fair trade practices for each industry. The Roosevelt administration sought... Read more
	Sherman Anti-Trust Act Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law ...the first and most significant of the U.S. antitrust laws, was signed into law by President benjamin harrison and...sherman. The prevailing economic theory supporting antitrust laws in the United States is that the public is best served...to different competitors within an industry. Antitrust laws seek ... Read more
	Pharmacy Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History ...but both these plans and the fair trade statutes of the mid-twentieth...fell afoul of federal antitrust laws. One peculiarly American development...up as pharmacists. The first laws providing for the examination...pharmacists in 1870. Pressure for such laws came from the American ... Read more

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