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carding

carding process by which fibers are opened, cleaned, and straightened in preparation for spinning. The fingers were first used, then a tool of wood or bone shaped like a hand, then two flat pieces of wood (cards) covered with skin set with thorns or teeth. Primitive cards, rubber-covered and toothed with bent wires, are still employed by Navajo women. Modern carding dates from the use of revolving cylinders patented in 1748 by Lewis Paul. A mechanical apron feed was devised in 1772, and Richard Arkwright added a funnel that contracted the carded fiber into a continuous sliver. See combing .

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	combing Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition process that follows carding in the preparation of fibers for spinning, lays the fibers parallel...noils (short fibers). The modern combing machine is a specialized carding machine. Combing produces a fine sliver suitable for drawing out... Read more
	James Hargreaves Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition , 1720?-1778, English engineer. In 1762 he made an unsuccessful attempt to develop a machine for carding, a process preparatory to spinning , and in 1764 he invented the spinning jenny, which resulted in doubling production in the carding process. Read more
	comb Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable comb a comb (for carding wool) is the emblem of St Blaise . Read more
	Blaise, St Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable ...was said to have been martyred by being torn with combs for carding wool before he was beheaded. He is said at the intervention...woman brought him food and candles. His emblems are a comb (for carding wool) and a candle, he is the patron saint of wool-combers... Read more
	yarn Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...in weaving textiles or for the manufacture of thread. A staple fiber , such as cotton, linen, or wool, is made into yarn by carding , combing (for fine, long staples only), drawing out into roving, then spinning . Continuous filaments, such as silk, rayon... Read more

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