Home > Categories > Medicine > Diseases and Conditions > Pathology > atrophy

atrophy

From: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008

atrophy , diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, or organ from its fully developed normal size. Temporary atrophy may occur in muscles that are not used, as when a limb is encased in a plaster cast. Interference with cellular nutrition, as through starvation; diseases affecting the nerve supply of tissues, e.g., poliomyelitis and muscular dystrophy; and prolonged disuse may cause a permanent wasting away of tissue. Atrophy may also follow hypertrophy .

Author not available, ATROPHY., The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press

For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.

Related articles from HighBeam Research:

	Onset of Small Intestinal Atrophy Is Associated with Reduced Intestinal Blood Flow in TPN-Fed Neonatal Piglets1,2 The Journal of Nutrition; 6/1/2004; Niinikoski, Harri; Stoll, Barbara; Guan, Xinfu; Kansagra, Ketan; Et al; 6404 words; ... parenteral nutrition (TPN)-induced mucosal atrophy, and whether this is associated with changes ... flow, and this likely precedes villous atrophy and the suppression of protein synthesis ... nutrition (TPN)4 leads to small intestinal atrophy and diminished intestinal function (1 ...
	Albumin Infusion After Reperfusion Prevents Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Atrophy/Discussant/Author's Response JPEN, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 9/1/2006; Ikezawa, Fumie; Fukatsu, Kazuhiko; Moriya, Tomoyuki; Maeshima, Yoshinori; Et al; 4407 words; ... gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass atrophy, a possible mechanism for increased morbidity ... hypothesized that albumin treatment prevents GALT atrophy due to gut I/R. Methods: Male mice (n ... maintain gut immunity by preventing GALT atrophy. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ...
	Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (Cochrane Review) Climacteric; 12/1/2004; Suckling, J; Lethaby, A; Kennedy, R; 664 words; ... updated if necessary. Background Vaginal atrophy is a frequent complaint of postmenopausal ... preparations for women who suffer from vaginal atrophy. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane ... treatment of symptoms resulting from vaginal atrophy or vaginitis. Data collection and analysis ...
	Inflammatory atrophy of the prostate: Prevalence and significance Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; 7/1/2003; Billis, Athanase; Magna, Luis A; 3127 words; * Context.-Recently, prostatic atrophy associated with chronic inflammation has ... of men older than 40 years. Prostatic atrophy was classified as simple, hyperplastic ... presence of chronic inflammation. Prostatic atrophy without (group A) and with inflammation ...
	Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy Signaling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; 8/1/2007; Doucet, Mariève; Russell, Aaron P; Léger, Bertrand; Debigaré, Richard; Et al; 6194 words; Rationale: The molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ... quadriceps of 12 patients with COPD with muscle atrophy and 10 healthy control subjects. Five ... increased in patients with COPD with muscle atrophy compared with healthy control subjects ...
	Multiple System Atrophy. Physical Therapy; 5/1/1999; Swan, Laurie Dupont, Jerome; 4214 words; Key Words: Multiple system atrophy, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Orthostatic hypotension, Parkinson disease, Shy-Drager ... Striatonigral degeneration. [Swan L, Dupont J. Multiple system atrophy. Phys Ther. 1999;79:488-494.] The term multiple system ...
	Caspase-3 Regulation of Diaphragm Myonuclear Domain during Mechanical Ventilation-induced Atrophy American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; 1/15/2007; McClung, Joseph M; Kavazis, Andreas N; DeRuisseau, Keith C; Falk, Darin J; Et al; 5935 words; ... results in rapid diaphragmatic fiber atrophy. It is unknown whether the myonuclear ... hypothesis that MV-induced diaphragmatic atrophy is associated with a loss of myonuclei ... h of MV, before the onset of myofiber atrophy. Conclusions: Collectively, these data ...
	Nutrition issues associated with spinal muscular atrophy. (Review). Nutrition & Dietetics: The Journal of the Dieticians Association of Australia; 6/1/2003; Leighton, Sarah; 4196 words; Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the more common genetic ... for those affected. Spinal muscular atrophy varies in severity according to the ... of the genetics of spinal muscular atrophy, as genetic influences may affect metabolism ...
	A pilot study of spinal muscular atrophy carrier screening in Saudi Arabia Journal of Pediatric Neurology; 1/1/2007; Jumah, Mohammed Al; Majumdar, Ramanath; Rehana, Zahra; Rajeh, Saad Al; Eyaid, Wafaa; 1916 words; Abstract. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive inherited ... consanguinity. Keywords: Spinal muscular atrophy, carrier screening, gene deletion ... population 1. Introduction Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder that ...
	Hypometabolism Exceeds Atrophy in Presymptomatic Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer's Disease The Journal of Nuclear Medicine; 11/1/2006; Mosconi, Lisa; Sorbi, Sandro; de Leon, Mony J; Li, Yi; Et al; 6300 words; ... the present study is to compare brain atrophy with hypometabolism as preclinical markers ... metabolism (MRglc) from the MRI-coregistered, atrophy-corrected PET scans. Results: Compared ... restricted to the IPL (18%, P < 0.02). After atrophy correction and adjusting for pons MRglc ...
	Simple brain shunt cures doctor's 'cerebral atrophy' New Haven Register; 11/19/2006; Abram Katz; 1062 words; ... a shock. Conn, 81, vividly remembers the moment in 2002. The doctor told Conn and his wife, Marilyn, that Conn's "cerebral atrophy" was worsening, would attack his intellect and there was no treatment. He said Conn should put his affairs in order. "That ...
	Visual function in patients with optic nerve pallor (optic atrophy) Journal of the National Medical Association; 5/1/2003; DeWitt, Christine A; Johnson, Lenworth N; Schoenleber, Dana B; Hainsworth, Dean P; Madsen, Richard W; 1967 words; ... the degree of optic nerve pallor (optic atrophy) and visual function. Using a set of ... stereoscopic slides, the severity of optic atrophy for 270 eyes, each having sustained a ... moderate, and 21/65 (32.3%) marked optic atrophy eyes. Good visual field was found in 6 ...
	Bombesin Prevents the Atrophy of Peyer's Patches and the Dysfunction of M Cells in Rabbits Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition JPEN, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 3/1/2007; Fujimura, Yoshinori; Haruma, Ken; Owen, Robert L; 5947 words; ... Long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) induces atrophy of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue ... whether bombesin could ameliorate this atrophy of Peyer's patches and the down-regulation ... Conclusions: Bombesin prevents PN-induced atrophy of GALT, reduction of M cell numbers ...
	New imaging shows brain atrophy in people with Alzheimer's. Healthy Years; 1/1/2008; 96 words; ... mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data showed that there was significantly greater cortical atrophy in patients with mild AD compared to those with MCI. These results, published in the October issue of the Archives of Neurology ...
	Videofluoroscopic and manometric evaluation of swallowing function in patients with multiple system atrophy The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology; 7/1/2003; Higo, Ryuzaburo; Tayama, Niro; Nitou, Takaharu; Watanabe, Takeshi; Ugawa, Yoshikazu; 3663 words; ... function of 29 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) by videofluoroscopy and manometry ... aspiration, manometry, multiple system atrophy, pneumonia, videofluoroscopy. INTRODUCTION Multiple system atrophy (MSA), a general pathological term, was ...