Yevpatoriya
Yevpatoriya , city (1989 pop. 109,000), S Ukraine, in the Crimea. It is a Black Sea port, a rail hub, and a vacation and health resort. Fishing, food processing, wine making, limestone quarrying, weaving, and the manufacture of building materials, machinery, and furniture are the chief industries. Yevpatoriya stands on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Kerkinitida, founded in the 6th cent. BC In the 1st cent. BC the area was captured by the Pontian king Mithradates VI (Mithradates Eupator), for whom the city is named. Changing hands many times, Yevpatoriya came under the control of the Turko-Tatars in the 13th cent.; they later became vassals of the Ottoman empire, which took the city in 1478. Russia annexed Yevpatoriya along with the rest of the Crimea in 1783, and during the Crimean War it was occupied (1854) by British, French, and Turkish troops. Historic landmarks include a 16th-century mosque and the ruins of the Tatar fortress (15th cent.). The name of the city is sometimes transliterated Evpatoriya or Eupatoria.
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Mutant cytosine deaminase is an effective prodrug converter.
Newspaper article from: Gene Therapy Weekly; 9/23/2004; 700+ words
; ...com & NewsRx.net) -- Mutant cytosine deaminase is an effective prodrug converter...Escherichia coli gene, codA, encodes cytosine deaminase and is introduced into cancer...investigators in the United States report. "Cytosine deaminase converts 5-FC into cytotoxic...
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Cytosine Arabinoside Substitution Decreases Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Element Complex Formation
Magazine article from: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...The pyrimidine nucleoside analog, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), is an effective...leukemia. The phosphorylated triphosphate, cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, competes with...determine if the substitution of Ara-C for cytosine in double-stranded oligonucleotides...
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A New Cytosine-Cytosine Cross-Link
Magazine article from: Photochemistry and Photobiology; 9/1/2004; ; 474 words
; ...interest. Wang and coworkers previously characterized a cytosine-cytosine cross-link formed when the dinucleoside monophosphate...and coworkers (pp. 209-215) describe a second cytosine-cytosine cross-link lesion, which is formed in...
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Cytosine Deaminase/5-Fluorocytosine-Based Vaccination Studied.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
Newspaper article from: Vaccine Weekly; 2/9/2000; 700+ words
; ...suggested recent research from France. "The cytosine deaminase gene of Escherichia coli converts...We analyzed the efficacy of using cytosine deaminase-bearing cancer cells as an...of the National Cancer Institute ("Cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine-based...
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Energetics of Cytosine Singlet Excited-State Decay Paths-A Difficult Case for CASSCF and CASPT2[dagger]
Magazine article from: Photochemistry and Photobiology; 5/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...deactivation paths for singlet excited cytosine are calculated at the CASPT2//CASSCF...sub-picosecond range. In the case of cytosine, the decay in the gas phase was first...identified for the decay of singlet excited cytosine to the ground state (11-16). A first...
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Yeast Cytosine Deaminase Improves Radiosensitization and Bystander Effect.
Newspaper article from: Gene Therapy Weekly; 2/1/2001; 700+ words
; ...fluorocytosine (5-FC) can be enhanced by using yeast cytosine deaminase instead of bacterial cytosine deaminase (bCD), suggests a study from the...strategy is limited by the inefficiency of cytosine deaminase (CD)-catalyzed conversion of...
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A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Ligand Release Path in Yeast Cytosine Deaminase
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 4/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT Yeast cytosine deaminase, a zinc metalloenzyme, catalyzes the deamination of cytosine to uracil. Experimental and computational...with one much more favored than the other. Cytosine is pushed out of the active site by a restraint...
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Combined Cytosine Deaminase/Thymidine Kinase Gene Therapy Eradicates Glioma in Animal Model.
Newspaper article from: Cancer Weekly; 11/21/2000; 700+ words
; ...Combination suicide gene therapy using the cytosine deaminase and the thymidine kinase gene...TK) gene and the Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) gene, via a recombinant...Combined antitumor effects of an adenoviral cytosine deaminase/thymidine kinase fusion gene...
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The Triplex-Hairpin Transition in Cytosine-Rich DNA
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...coupling between ionization and folding in cytosine-rich triple-helical triplexes. INTRODUCTION...GC^sup +^ Hoogsteen pair requires cytosine to be protonated at the N3 position...1990). An increase in pH induces cytosine deprotonation and destabilizes the CG...
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Cytosine arabinoside-induced vasculitis
Magazine article from: Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 3/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; Dermatologic side effects of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) are rare and most...nonlymphoblastic leukemia; ara-C = cytosine arabinoside; HUEC = human umbilical vein endothelial cells Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) is a chemotherapeutic...
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cytosine
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
cytosine , organic base of the pyrimidine family...tissue in 1894. A suggested structure for cytosine, published in 1903, was confirmed in...the sugar ribose in glycosidic linkage, cytosine forms a derivative called cytidine (a...
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Mutagen
Book article from: Genetics
...four DNA bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Because of this similarity...replication, while the other mimics cytosine and therefore pairs with guanine. In...adenine. If it then converts to its cytosine-like form, during the next round of...
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DNA Repair
Book article from: Genetics
...natural DNA bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (A, G, C, or T). The...whereas loss of the "pyrimidine" bases (cytosine and thymine) is called depyrimidination...amino group (-NH 2 ). For example, cytosine (C), which is paired with guanine...
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Erwin Chargaff
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...pyrimidines, of which there are two types (cytosine and thymine), and purines, of which...proportions in all organisms, as do cytosine and guanine, but that the proportions...adenine + guanine) equal pyrimidines (cytosine + thymine); adenine equals thymine...
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Evolution, Molecular
Book article from: Genetics
...the four "bases" (uracil, adenine, cytosine, and guanine) is appended. While phosphate...Stanley Miller in his preparation of cytosine. More challenging to those studying...have reacted with the bases (especially cytosine and uracil) and acquired the phosphate...
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