RNA
From: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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Date: 2008
RNA see nucleic acid .
Author not available, RNA.,
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Early Development
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 1/1/2005; Colegrove-Otero, Lucy J; Minshall, Nicola; Standart, Nancy; 40617 words;
ABSTRACT RNA-binding proteins play a major part in the control of ... of regulation occurs at the levels of translation and RNA localization. These processes are, in general, mediated by RNA-binding proteins interacting with specific sequence motifs ...
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A Systemic Small RNA Signaling System in Plants
Plant Cell; 8/1/2004; Yoo, Byung-Chun; Kragler, Friedrich; Varkonyi-Gasic, Erika; Haywood, Valerie; Et al; 13171 words;
Systemic translocation of RNA exerts non-cell-autonomous control over ... proven, but transport of small interfering RNA and microRNA remains to be demonstrated ... plants identified populations of small RNA species. The dynamic nature of this population ...
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Improperly Terminated, Unpolyadenylated mRNA of Sense Transgenes Is Targeted by RDR6-Mediated RNA Silencing in Arabidopsis(W)
Plant Cell; 3/1/2007; Luo, Zhenghua; Chen, Zhixiang; 12439 words;
RNA silencing can be induced by highly transcribed transgenes through a pathway dependent on RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6 (RDR6) and may function as a genome protection mechanism against excessively expressed genes. Whether ...
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Characterization of Amplifiable, Circulating RNA in Plasma and Its Potential as a Tool for Cancer Diagnostics
Clinical Chemistry; 3/1/2004; El-Hefnawy, Talal; Raja, Siva; Kelly, Lori; Bigbee, William L; Et al; 7017 words;
... described the detection of circulating, cancer-related RNA molecules in serum or plasma from cancer patients ... little is known about the biology of this extracellular RNA. We aimed to determine how RNA is protected against degradation in serum, to optimize ...
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RNA silencing and the mobile silencing signal
Plant Cell; 1/1/2002; Mlotshwa, Sizolwenkosi; Voinnet, Oliver; Mette, M Florina; Matzke, Marjori; Et al; 9506 words;
INTRODUCTION RNA silencing is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism that occurs in a broad range of eukaryotic organisms including fungi (quelling), animals (RNA interference [RNAi]), and plants (post-transcriptional gene ...
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RNA Silencing of Single and Multiple Members in a Gene Family of Rice1[w]
Plant Physiology; 8/1/2005; Miki, Daisuke; Itoh, Rika; Shimamoto, Ko; 7067 words;
RNA silencing with inverted repeat (IR) constructs has been used to suppress gene expression in various organisms. However, the transitive RNA-silencing effect described in plants may preclude the use of RNA silencing for a gene family. Here, we show that, in rice (Oryza saliva), transitive RNA ...
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Short defective interfering RNAs of tombusviruses are not targeted but trigger post-transcriptional gene silencing against their helper virus
Plant Cell; 2/1/2002; Szittya, Gyorgy; Molnar, Attila; Silhavy, Danile; Hornyik, Csaba; Burgyan, Jozsef; 7849 words;
... eukaryotic cells. In plants, double-stranded RNA triggers PTGS, generating 21 - to 25-nucleotide ... degradation of cognate mRNA. The double stranded RNA intermediates of replicating plant viruses ... role of PTGS in defective interfering (DI) RNA-mediated symptom attenuation in plants infected ...
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RNA target sequences promote spreading of RNA silencing
Plant Physiology; 1/1/2003; Van Houdt, Helena; Bleys, Annick; Depicker, Anna; 5769 words;
RNA Target Sequences Promote Spreading of RNA Silencing1 It is generally recognized that a silencing-inducing ... targets) can also be decreased dramatically via transitive RNA silencing. This phenomenon requires primary target RNAs that ...
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6/DICER-LIKE4 Pathway in Arabidopsis Reveals Dependency on miRNA- and tasiRNA-Directed Targeting(W)(OA)
Plant Cell; 3/1/2007; Howell, Miya D; Fahlgren, Noah; Chapman, Elisabeth J; Cumbie, Jason S; Et al; 10228 words;
... effects of rapidly expanding gene families. INTRODUCTION RNA-based silencing in eukaryotes is involved in inactivation ... The core silencing mechanism involves a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) trigger formed by any of several mechanisms ... bidirectional transcription of DNA, self-complementary RNA foldbacks, ...
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RNA Polyadenylation in Prokaryotes and Organelles; Different Tails Tell Different Tales
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences; 1/1/2006; Slomovic, Shimyn; Portnoy, Victoria; Liveanu, Varda; Schuster, Gadi; 9725 words;
The addition of poly(A) tails to RNA is a phenomenon common to almost all organisms examined ... transcripts in yeast was recently reported to promote RNA degradation. In prokaryotes and organelles, RNA molecules are polyadenylated as part of a polyadenylation-depende ...
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RNA Immunoprecipitation and Microarray Analysis Show a Chloroplast Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein to Be Associated with the 5' Region of mRNAs Whose Translation It Activates(W)
Plant Cell; 10/1/2005; Schmitz-Linneweber, Christian; Williams-Carrier, Rosalind; Barkan, Alice; 9222 words;
... as our standard procedure; indeed, the depletion of an RNA from the supernatant and its simultaneous enrichment ... the largest change in ratio. Comparison with a stromal RNA reference gave similar results, but the magnitude of ... chloroplast RNAs (Figure 1). Genome-Wide Analysis of RNA Ligands of the ...
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Spreading of RNA targeting and DNA methylation in RNA silencing requires transcription on the target gene and a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Plant Cell; 4/1/2002; Vaistij, Fabian E; Jones, Louise; Baulcombe, David C; 3043 words;
RNA silencing is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process that follows the recognition of double-stranded RNA. Here, we show that virus vectors carrying parts of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene targeted RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana ...
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HCF152, an Arabidopsis RNA binding pentatricopeptide repeat protein involved in the processing of chloroplast psbB-psbT-psbH-petB-petD RNAs
Plant Cell; 6/1/2003; Meierhoff, Karin; Felder, Susanne; Nakamura, Takahiro; Bechtold, Nicole; Schuster, Gadi; 11356 words;
... transcriptional unit that undergoes complex RNA processing events until the mature oligocistronic ... In addition, we found that HCF152 is an RNA binding protein that binds certain areas ... of these genes are generated by extensive RNA processing. The functional relevance of ...
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RNA Silencing in Aspergillus nidulans Is Independent of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases
Genetics; 2/1/2005; Hammond, T M; Keller, N P; 7132 words;
ABSTRACT The versatility of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRPs) in eukaryotic gene silencing is perhaps best ... gene-silencing processes, including heterochromatin regulation and RNA silencing in S. pombe and meiotic silencing and RNA silencing in ...
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Detailed Technical Analysis of Urine RNA-Based Tumor Diagnostics Reveals ETS2/Urokinase Plasminogen Activator to Be a Novel Marker for Bladder Cancer
Clinical Chemistry; 12/1/2007; Hanke, Merle; Kausch, Ingo; Dahmen, Gerlinde; Jocham, Dieter; Warnecke, Jens M; 5082 words;
Background: The noninvasive detection of RNA tumor markers in body fluids represents ... develop a procedure for measurement of tumor RNA in urine that would minimize donor-dependent influences on the results. Methods: RNA isolated from urinary cell pellet, cell ...
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