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Hyksos
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Hyksos
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008
Hyksos [Egyptian,=rulers of foreign lands], invaders of ancient Egypt , now substantiated as the XV-XVIII dynasties. They were a northwestern Semitic (Canaanite or Amorite) people who entered Egypt sometime between 1720 and 1710 BC and subdued the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom. They used Avaris-Tanis in the Nile delta as their capital rather than the Egyptian capital of Thebes. Under their hegemony, which lasted over a century, they established a powerful kingdom that included Syria and Palestine, and maintained peace and prosperity in their territories. They introduced the horse-drawn chariot and the composite bow, and their successful conquests were furthered by a type of rectangular fortification of beaten earth used as a fortress; archaeologists have uncovered examples of these mounds at Jericho, Shechem, and Lachish. Their most important contribution was perhaps the introduction into Egypt of Canaanite deities and Asian artifacts, which were instrumental in abrogating the despotism and isolationism of the Old and Middle kingdoms. The Hyksos were crushed by Amasis I at the battle of Tanis in 1550 BC
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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Tanis
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, ancient city of Egypt, in the eastern delta of the Nile. It is identified with the Hyksos capital, Avaris (XII dynasty), and is called Zoan in the Bible. It was a significant city in the XIX dynasty and was capital of ...
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Amasis I
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
, d. c.1545 BC, king of ancient Egypt (c.1570-1545 BC), founder of the XVIII dynasty. He drove the Hyksos out of the Nile delta and pursued them into Palestine. His name also appears as Ahmose.
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Joseph
Encyclopedia of World Biography
... indications that it took place during the Hyksos era. Joseph was born in Haran. He was ... as a slave, while the others would go free. He found the goblet in Benjamin's bag ... details about Egypt, particularly the Hyksos period, when the Pharaohs tended to be ... economic change taking place during the ...
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Shechem
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
... Nablus . Excavations in the 20th cent. indicate a village there c.3500 BC Shechem's greatest period began c.1700 BC when the Hyksos rebuilt it. According to patriarchal narratives in the Book of Genesis, it was visited by Abraham, and Jacob built an altar ...
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