Alexandria
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia | Date: 2007
[Arabic Al-Iskandariyah] City (metro. area pop., 2004 est.: 3,755,900) and chief seaport, northern Egypt. It lies on a strip of land between the Mediterranean Sea and Lake Mareotis. The ancient island of Pharos, whose lighthouse was one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is now a peninsula connected to the mainland. Alexandria's modern harbour is west of the peninsula. The city was founded in 332 by Alexander the Great and was noted as a centre of Hellenistic culture. Its library (destroyed early centuries ) was the greatest in ancient times; a new library was opened in 2002. The city was captured by the Arabs in 642 and by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. After a long period of decline, caused by the rise of Cairo, Alexandria was revived commercially when Muhammad 'Ali joined it by a canal to the Nile River in the early 19th century. Modern Alexandria is a thriving commercial community; cotton is its chief export, and important oil fields lie nearby. Other cultural institutions include the Museum of Alexandria.
Copyright 1994-2007 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.
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