Categories:

• Earth and the Environment
  • Atmosphere and Weather
  • Biographies
  • Ecology and Environmentalism
  • Geography
  • Geology and Oceanography
  • Minerals, Mining, and Metallurgy
• History
  • Ancient Greece and Rome
  • Asia and Africa
  • Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific
  • Biographies
  • Historians and Chronicles
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Modern Europe
  • United States and Canada
• Literature and the Arts
  • Art and Architecture
  • Biographies
  • Classical Literature, Mythology, and Folklore
  • Fashion, Design, and Crafts
  • Journalism and Publishing
  • Language, Linguistics, and Literary Terms
  • Literature in English
  • Literature in Other Modern Languages
  • Performing Arts
  • Scholars and Historians
• Medicine
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Biographies
  • Diseases and Conditions
  • Divisions, Diagnostics, and Procedures
  • Drugs
  • Psychology
• People
  • History
  • Literature and the Arts
  • Medicine
  • Philosophy and Religion
  • Science and Technology
  • Social Sciences and the Law
  • Sports and Games
• Philosophy and Religion
  • Ancient Religions
  • Biographies
  • Christianity
  • Eastern Religions
  • Islam
  • Judaism
  • Other Religious Beliefs and General Terms
  • Philosophy
  • The Bible
• Places
  • Africa
  • Asia
  • Australia and Oceania
  • Britain, Ireland, France, and the Low Countries
  • Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic Nations
  • Germany, Scandinavia, and Central Europe
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Oceans, Continents, and Polar Regions
  • Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and the Balkans
  • United States and Canada
• Plants and Animals
  • Agriculture and Horticulture
  • Animals
  • Biographies
  • Botany
  • Microbes, Algae, and Fungi
  • Plants
  • Zoology and Veterinary Medicine
• Science and Technology
  • Astronomy and Space Exploration
  • Biochemistry
  • Biographies
  • Biology and Genetics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Electrical Engineering
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Technology
• Social Sciences and the Law
  • Anthropology and Archaeology
  • Biographies
  • Economics, Business, and Labor
  • Education
  • Law
  • Political Science and Government
  • Sociology and Social Reform
• Sports and Everyday Life
  • Biographies
  • Crafts and Household Items
  • Days and Holidays
  • Fashion and Clothing
  • Food and Drink
  • Games
  • Manners and Customs
  • Social Organizations
  • Sports

Documents for "Sociology: Biographies":

• Abbott, Edith see Abbott, Grace.

• Abbott, Grace 1878-1939, American social worker, b. Grand Island, Nebr. She did notable work as director (1921-34) of the Child Labor Division of the U.S. Children's Bureau. The Child and the State (2 vol., 1938)...

• Addams, Jane 1860-1935, American social worker, b. Cedarville, Ill., grad. Rockford College, 1881. In 1889, with Ellen Gates Starr, she founded Hull House in Chicago, one of the first social settlements in the...

• Allen, Frederick Lewis 1890-1954, American social historian and editor, b. Boston, grad. Harvard (B.A., 1912; M.A., 1913). He is best remembered for his journalistic but nonetheless penetrating works of social history,...

• Bachofen, Johann Jakob 1815-87, Swiss legal historian and antiquarian. Bachofen studied in Berlin, Göttingen, Paris, and Cambridge, and accepted only honorary offices in order to safeguard his independence. He analyzed...

• Bagehot, Walter 1826-77, English social scientist. After working in his father's banking firm, he edited (1860-77) the Economist (which had been founded by his father-in-law) and helped establish its high reputation as a financial journal. From these activities came his noted study of the English banking system, Lombard Street (1873). Bagehot's classic English Constitution (1864) distinguished between the effective institutions of government and those, like the House of Lords, that had entered decay. His other important books include Literary Studies (1879) and Economic Studies (1880). In Physics and Politics (1875) he made a pioneer analysis of the interrelationship between the natural and the social sciences. He believed that investments expanded or contracted according to the mood of the market...

• Barnett, Samuel Augustus 1844-1913, English clergyman and social worker. As vicar of St. Jude's, Whitechapel, in the slums of London, he pioneered in the social settlement movement. Toynbee Hall, the first settlement house...

• Bell, Daniel 1919-, U.S. sociologist. After 20 years as a journalist, he took a degree in sociology and went on to teach at Columbia and Harvard. He has written on contemporary capitalist society and the...

• Bellah, Robert 1927-, American sociologist and educator. He was educated at Harvard before becoming Elliot professor of sociology at the Univ. of California at Berkeley. He wrote several books on the sociology of...

• Booth, Charles 1840-1916, English social investigator, pioneer in developing the social survey method. Aided by the notable social scientist Beatrice Potter Webb , he made an exhaustive statistical study of poverty...

• Breckinridge, Sophonisba Preston 1866-1948, American pioneer social worker, educator, and author, b. Lexington, Ky., grad. Wellesley, 1888, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1901. She was the first woman to be admitted (1897) to the bar in...

• Brisbane, Albert 1809-90, American social theorist, b. Batavia, N.Y. After studying with Charles Fourier in Paris, he returned to the United States as an enthusiastic advocate of Fourierism. His Social Destiny of...

• Coleman, James S. 1926-95, American sociologist, b. Bedford, Ind. A graduate of Columbia (Ph.D., 1955), where he was influenced by Paul Lazarsfeld , Coleman achieved recognition with two studies on problem solving:...

• Collier, John 1884-1968, American social worker, anthropologist, and author, educated at Columbia and the Collège de France. After holding several positions in community organization and social work training, he...

• Cooley, Charles Horton 1864-1929, American sociologist, b. Ann Arbor, Mich., grad. Univ. of Michigan (B.A., 1887; Ph.D., 1894); son of Thomas M. Cooley. He taught in the sociology department at the Univ. of Michigan...

• Durkheim, Émile 1858-1917, French sociologist. Along with Max Weber he is considered one of the chief founders of modern sociology. Educated in France and Germany, Durkheim taught social science at the Univ. of Bordeaux and the Sorbonne. His view that the methods...

• Gans, Herbert 1927-, American sociologist and educator, b. Cologne, Germany. He came to the United States in 1940 and became a U.S. citizen. In The Urban Villagers (2d ed. 1982), an important analysis of second-generation...

• Geddes, Sir Patrick 1854-1932, Scottish biologist and sociologist, distinguished especially in town planning. He received his biological training in T. H. Huxley's laboratory; from the beginning he was interested in...

• Giddings, Franklin Henry 1855-1931, American sociologist, b. Fairfield co., Conn., grad. Union College, Schenectady, N.Y. In 1894 he became professor of sociology at Columbia, where he earned a reputation as a brilliant...

• Goffman, Erving 1922-82, American sociologist, b. Manville, Alta. His field research in the Shetland Islands resulted in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1956), which analyzes interpersonal relations by...

• Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawney 1864-1929, English philosopher, sociologist, and journalist. He taught at Oxford and at the Univ. of London. Hobhouse sought to show with evidence from anthropology and comparative psychology that...

• Howard, Sir Ebenezer 1850-1928, English town planner, principal founder of the English garden-city movement. His To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898), reissued as Garden Cities of To-morrow (1902), outlined a model self-sustaining town that would combine town conveniences and industries with the advantages of an agricultural location. As a result of the first publication he was able...

• Lazarsfeld, Paul F. 1901-76, American sociologist, b. Vienna. After beginning as a mathematician, he established a research center for social psychology. Emigrating to the United States in 1933, he taught at Columbia...

• Le Bon, Gustave 1841-1931, French psychologist and sociologist. He was the author of a number of works on social psychology, in which he expounded theories of national traits and racial superiority. His works...

• Le Play, Pierre Guillaume Frédéric 1806-82, French sociologist and economist. As an engineer he traveled through Europe, gathering data on the budgets of working-class families and making detailed studies to determine the...

• Lynd, Robert Staughton 1892-1970, American sociologist, b. New Albany, Ind.; grad. Princeton (B.A., 1914), Ph.D. Columbia, 1931. He taught at Columbia for 30 years (1931-61). With his wife, Helen Merrell Lynd, he...

• MacIver, Robert Morrison 1882-1970, Scottish-American sociologist, b. Scotland, grad. Univ. of Edinburgh and Oxford. He began teaching at Columbia Univ. in 1927. His books, in which he discusses the complexities of social...

• Mannheim, Karl 1893-1947, Austro-Hungarian sociologist and historian, born and educated in Hungary. He taught at Heidelberg and Frankfurt and, from 1933 to his death, at the Univ. of London. In his historical...

• Merton, Robert King 1910-2003, American sociologist, b. Philadelphia as Meyer Schkolnick, grad. Temple Univ. (A.B., 1931) and Harvard (M.A., 1932; Ph.D., 1936). From 1941 on he was a professor of sociology at Columbia...

• Mills, C. Wright 1916-62, American sociologist, b. Waco, Tex. He studied at the Univ. of Texas (A.B., M.A., 1939) and the Univ. of Wisconsin (Ph.D., 1942) and spent his academic career (1946-62) as a professor at...

• Mumford, Lewis 1895-1990, American social philosopher, b. Flushing, N.Y.; educ. City College of New York, Columbia, New York Univ., and the New School for Social Research. A critic of the dehumanizing tendencies...

• Myrdal, Alva 1902-86, Swedish sociologist, diplomat, and political leader. As a sociologist in the 1930s, she initiated a national program establishing state responsibility for child care. She actively...

• Odum, Howard Washington 1884-1954, American sociologist, b. Bethlehem, Ga., grad. Emory College, 1904, Ph.D. Clark Univ., 1909, and Ph.D. Columbia, 1910. In 1920 he became professor of sociology at the Univ. of North...

• Parsons, Talcott 1902-79, American sociologist, b. Colorado Springs, Colo., educated at Amherst College (B.A., 1924), London School of Economics, and Univ. of Heidelberg (Ph.D., 1927). He was on the faculty at...

• Quetelet, Adolphe 1796-1874, Belgian statistician and astronomer. He was the first director (1828) of the Royal Observatory at Brussels. As supervisor of statistics for Belgium (from 1830), he developed many of the...

• Ross, Edward Alsworth 1866-1951, American sociologist, b. Virden, Ill., Ph.D. Johns Hopkins, 1891. He taught economics (1893-1900) at Stanford Univ., from which he was ousted in a controversy over academic freedom. He...

• Simkhovitch, Mary Kingsbury 1867-1951, American social worker, b. Chestnut Hill, Mass., grad. Boston Univ., 1890. After further study at Radcliffe, Columbia, and the Univ. of Berlin, she became active in settlement work and...

• Simmel, Georg 1858-1918, German philosopher and sociologist. At the universities of Berlin and Strasbourg he was an influential lecturer. Basing his social philosophy on a broad historical foundation, he did...

• Small, Albion Woodbury 1854-1926, American sociologist, b. Buckfield, Maine, grad. Colby College, 1876, and further educated in Germany. He was made president of Colby in 1889, but left it in 1892 to found at the Univ...

• Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovitch 1889-1968, Russian-American sociologist. Supporting himself as artisan and clerk, he was able to study at the Univ. of St. Petersburg and to teach sociology. Sorokin was imprisoned three times by...

• Sumner, William Graham 1840-1910, American sociologist and political economist, b. Paterson, N.J., grad. Yale, 1863, and studied in Germany, in Switzerland, and at Oxford. He was ordained an Episcopal minister and from...

• Tönnies, Ferdinand 1855-1936, German sociologist and political scientist. He is noted for his analysis of the distinction between the older form of spontaneous community based on mutual aid and trust and the modern...

• Tilly, Charles 1929-, American sociologist. Educated at Harvard and Oxford, Tilly has taught at the Univ. of Michigan and the New School for Social Research. His book The Contentious French (1986) painstakingly documents...

• Wald, Lillian D. 1867-1940, American social worker and pioneer in public health nursing. In 1893 she organized a visiting nurse service, which became the nucleus of the noted Henry Street Settlement in New York...

• Ward, Lester Frank 1841-1913, American sociologist and paleontologist, b. Joliet, Ill. Largely self-educated, he eventually took degrees in medicine and law. He worked as a government geologist and paleontologist...

• Weber, Max 1864-1920, German sociologist, economist, and political scientist. At various times he taught at Berlin, Freiburg, Munich, and Heidelberg. One of Weber's chief interests was in developing a...

• Westermarck, Edward Alexander 1862-1939, Finnish social philosopher and anthropologist. He was professor of sociology at the Univ. of London (1907-30) and professor of philosophy at the Åbo Akademi (until 1935). Westermarck...

• Woods, Robert Archey 1865-1925, American social worker, b. Pittsburgh, grad. Amherst, 1886. After six months at Toynbee Hall, London, he helped found (1891) the South End House, Boston, which he headed until his death...