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Documents for "Economics: Biographies":
  • Adams, Henry Carter 1851-1921, American economist, b. Davenport, Iowa. He developed an interest in public finance at Johns Hopkins Univ. and pursued this field during later studies in Germany. He taught economics at...
  • Allais, Maurice 1911-, French economist. After working in the French mine administration, he joined the École National Superieure des Mines in Paris (1944-) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific...
  • Angell, Sir Norman 1872?-1967, British internationalist and economist, whose name originally was Ralph Norman Angell Lane. He came to fame with The Great Illusion (1910, rev. ed. 1933), in which he posited that the common...
  • Arrow, Kenneth Joseph 1921-, American economist, b. New York City, grad. City College of New York (B.S. 1940), Columbia (M.A. 1941, Ph.D. 1951). He taught economics at the Univ. of Chicago (1947-49) and Stanford Univ...
  • Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen 1851-1914, Austrian economist. Three times minister of finance (1895, 1897, and 1900), he initiated important tax reforms and farsighted financial policies. Rejecting the standard theory of value,...
  • Babson, Roger Ward 1875-1967, American businessman and statistician, b. Gloucester, Mass. In 1904 he founded the Babson Statistical Organization, Inc., whose business and financial statistics, published in Babson's Washington Service, are widely sold in the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. In 1919 he established Babson Institute (now Babson College), in Massachusetts, and in 1927 he founded Webber College, in Florida...
  • Balch, Emily Greene 1867-1961, American economist and sociologist, b. Jamaica Plain, Mass., grad. Bryn Mawr, 1889. She taught at Wellesley College until her dismissal (1918) for opposing U.S. involvement in World War...
  • Bamberger, Ludwig 1823-99, German economist, politician, and journalist. An ardent liberal, he took part in the Revolution of 1848 and was forced to live in exile until 1866. He worked for the unification of...
  • Barron, Clarence Walker 1855-1928, American financial editor, b. Boston. He worked on the Boston Daily News, then on the Evening Transcript, and in 1887 founded the Boston News Bureau, to supply financial news to brokers....
  • Bastiat, Frédéric 1801-50, French economist. In his Harmonies of Political Economy (1850, tr. 1860) he developed the classical theories of economic individualism and laissez-faire. A popular and controversial writer, he vigorously supported free trade. There are several...
  • Becker, Gary 1930-, American economist. A professor at the Univ. of Chicago, he was awarded the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for extending the scope of microeconomic analysis. Sociology,...
  • Bernanke, Ben Shalom 1953-, U.S. economist and government official, b. Augusta, Ga.; grad. Harvard (B.A., 1975), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D., 1979). He was a professor of economics at Stanford Univ...
  • Beveridge, William Henry 1879-1963, British economist, b. India, grad. Oxford, 1902. His fame as an authority on social problems was gained through investigations and writings in government service (1908-19), especially as...
  • Buchanan, James McGill 1919-, American economist, b. Murfreesboro, Tenn., Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1948. A professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1969-83) and George Mason Univ. (1983-), he was awarded the 1986...
  • Burns, Arthur Frank 1904-87, American economist, b. Austria, grad. Columbia Univ. (A.B., 1925; A.M., 1925; Ph.D., 1934). He taught economics at Rutgers Univ. (1927-44), and then joined (1944) the faculty of Columbia,...
  • Cairnes, John Elliot 1823-75, Irish economist, a follower of John Stuart Mill. His Slave Power (1862), a defense of the North in the American Civil War, made a great impression in England. He has written about noncompeting groups in the labor market and is known for his distrust of...
  • Carey, Henry Charles 1793-1879, American economist, b. Philadelphia; son of Mathew Carey. In 1835 he retired from publishing, where he had done notable work, to devote himself to economics. His Principles of Political...
  • Cassel, Gustav 1866-1945, Swedish economist and authority on international monetary problems. He was a delegate to many world economic conferences and wrote valuable papers on foreign exchange. He developed the...
  • Cernuschi, Henri 1821-96, Italian politician and economist. A strong republican, he was a leader in the Milan revolt of 1848 in support of Giuseppe Garibaldi. In 1850 he went to France, where he became a director...
  • Chamberlin, Edward 1866-1967, American economist, b. LaConner, Wash. He taught economics at Harvard (1937-67) and made significant contributions to microeconomics, particularly on competition theory and consumer...
  • Chevalier, Michel 1806-79, French economist. An ardent Saint-Simonian as a youth, he later favored a form of welfare capitalism. He advocated industrial development as the key to social progress. Also a proponent...
  • Clapham, Sir John Harold 1873-1946, English economic historian. He was lecturer, professor and administrator at Cambridge from 1908 to 1943. Outstanding among his many works on British economic history are An Economic History...
  • Clark, Colin 1905-89, British economist. A statistics professor at Cambridge Univ. (1931-37), he taught in Australia and Great Britain until 1952, serving as economic adviser to the governments of both nations...
  • Clark, John Bates 1847-1938, American economist, b. Providence, R.I. He studied economics in the U.S. and Germany, and taught at Columbia Univ. and several other colleges in the United States. In 1885 he helped...
  • Cleveland, Frederick Albert 1865-1946, American economist, b. Sterling, Ill., studied at DePauw Univ. and at the Univ. of Chicago, Ph.D. Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1900. He taught at the Univ. of Pennsylvania (1900-1903) and was...
  • Coase, Ronald H. 1910-, American economist, b. London, Ph.D. Univ. of London, 1951. He was raised and educated in England before coming to the United States, where he has been a professor at the Univ. of Buffalo...
  • Cole, George Douglas Howard 1889-1959, English economist, labor historian, and socialist. Educated at Oxford, he was long associated with the university and held a professorship from 1944 to 1957. For many years a leading...
  • Colquhoun, Patrick 1745-1820, British economist and statistician, b. Scotland. Active in civic affairs in Glasgow (where he founded the chamber of commerce) and London, he became known for his Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis (1795, 7th ed. 1806), written from his experience as a police magistrate. The most noted of his works is the Treatise on the Population, Wealth, and Resources of the British Empire (1814), in which he set forth statistical estimates of the distribution of national income. His figures, demonstrating the poverty of the working classes, long influenced social and economic...
  • Commons, John Rogers 1862-1945, American economist, b. Hollansburg, Ohio, grad. Oberlin, 1888. Influenced by the other social sciences, Commons tried to broaden the scope of economics, especially in his noted Legal Foundations...
  • Dühring, Eugen Karl 1833-1921, German philosopher and economist. He practiced law in Berlin until blindness threatened him and then became (1864) docent at the Univ. of Berlin. He was unable to get along with...
  • Davenport, Herbert Joseph 1861-1931, American economist, b. Wilmington, Vt., Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1898. He taught at the Univ. of Missouri and at Cornell. In Value and Distribution (1908) and The Economics of Enterprise (1913) he followed the principles of classical economics, attempting to purify them of nonscientific elements. He made contributions to the theories of cost, interest, and taxation and was a critic...
  • De Bow, James Dunwoody Brownson 1820-67, American editor and statistician, b. Charleston, S.C. He became (1844) editor of the Southern Quarterly Review. In 1846 he went to New Orleans, where he began publishing the monthly De Bow's Review. He was an ardent secessionist, and his magazine helped shape Southern opinion. Advocating a chair of political economy at the new Univ. of Louisiana, he was appointed to fill it. He was...
  • Debreu, Gerard 1921-2005, French-American economist, b. Calais, France. He studied mathematics in France before coming to the United States in 1950, where he worked with the Chicago-based Cowles Foundation for...
  • Douglas, Clifford Hugh 1879-1952, English engineer and social economist, educated at Cambridge Univ. Author of the economic theory of Social Credit , he became (1935) chief reconstruction adviser to the Social Credit government...
  • Drucker, Peter Ferdinand 1909-2005, American economist, b. Vienna, Austria. After receiving a doctorate in international and public law from Frankfurt Univ. (1931), Drucker was a financial writer for a German newspaper. In...
  • Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel 1739-1817, French economist, one of the physiocrats. Early in his career he attracted the attention of François Quesnay and edited the Journal de l'agriculture in 1765-66 and the Éphémérides du citoyen from 1768 to 1772. He also edited some of Quesnay's writings under the title Physiocratie (1768) and later presented his own views of economy and political philosophy in his Tableau raisonné des principes de l'économie politique (1775) and other works. He was also active in practical politics. He became the financial and economic adviser of his friend Anne Robert Jacques Turgot. Under the comte de Vergennes he was one of the diplomats in the long negotiations (1783) after the American Revolution, and he drew up a trade treaty (1786) with Great Britain that expressed his...
  • Duisenberg, Willem Frederik 1935-2005, Dutch banker and advocate of European monentary union. He worked (1965-69) as an economist with the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C., and was subsequently (1970-73) a...
  • Edgeworth, Francis Ysidro 1845-1926, British economist, grad. Trinity College, Dublin. He was professor of political economy at Oxford and first editor (1891-1926) of the Economist. His special contribution to economics was...
  • Ely, Richard Theodore 1854-1943, American economist, b. Ripley, N.Y., grad. Columbia, 1876, Ph.D. Heidelberg, 1879. He taught at Johns Hopkins Univ. (1881-92), the Univ. of Wisconsin (1892-1925), and Northwestern Univ...
  • Fawcett, Henry 1833-84, English economist and statesman. A follower of John Stuart Mill, he was professor of political economy at Cambridge, and his Manual of Political Economy (1863) was widely read. As member...
  • Fisher, Irving 1867-1947, American economist, b. Saugerties, N.Y., Ph.D. Yale, 1891. He began teaching at Yale in 1890 and was active there until 1935. His earliest work was in mathematics, and he made a...
  • Friedman, Milton 1912-, American economist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Columbia, 1946. Friedman has been influential in helping to revive the monetarist school of economic thought. He was a staff member at the...
  • Frisch, Ragnar 1895-1973, Norwegian economist, corecipient with Jan Tinbergen of the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1969). Educated at the Univ. of Oslo (M.A., 1919; Ph.D., 1926), Frisch was briefly a visiting professor at Yale (1930). In 1931 he returned...
  • Galbraith, John Kenneth 1908-2006, American economist and public official, b. Ontario, Canada, grad. Univ. of Toronto (B.S., 1931), Univ. of California, Berkeley (M.S., 1933; Ph.D., 1934). After becoming (1937) a U.S...
  • Galiani, Ferdinando 1728-87, Italian economist, educated for the church. As a very young man he wrote Della moneta [on money] (1750), which attacked the mercantilist theory that money has no intrinsic value. Sent (1759) to Paris as secretary of the Neapolitan embassy, he wrote his Dialogues sur le commerce des blés (1770). Galiani contributed greatly to the modern theory of value and to the relativistic, historical approach to economics. He opposed the physiocrat view that land is the source of all wealth. A...
  • George, Henry 1839-97, American economist, founder of the single tax movement, b. Philadelphia. Of a poor family, his formal education was cut short at 14, and in 1857 he emigrated to California; there he worked at various occupations before turning to newspaper...
  • Gide, Charles 1847-1932, French economist. A professor at the universities of Bordeaux, Montpellier, and Paris, Gide was an expert on international monetary problems. He also played an important part in the...
  • Gioia, Melchiorre 1767-1829, Italian economist and political theorist. An early advocate of the unification of Italy, he was several times imprisoned, once on charges of association with the Carbonari movement. He...
  • Gossen, Hermann Heinrich 1810-58, German economist, little known in his lifetime. His work, Entwicklung der Gesetze des menschlichen Verkehrs und der daraus fliessenden Regeln für menschliches Handeln [development of...
  • Gournay, Vincent de 1712-59, French economist, precursor of the physiocrats and of Adam Smith. A wealthy merchant, he was in government service as intendant of commerce from 1751 to 1758. He translated and annotated...
  • Greenspan, Alan 1926-, American economist, chairman of the Federal Reserve Board (1987-2006), b. New York City. Influenced by the philosophy of Ayn Rand , Greenspan is a strong supporter of the free market and an opponent of government intervention in the economy. He was private economic consultant (1954-74, 1977-87) and served (1974-77) as chairman...
  • Haavelmo, Trygve 1911-99, Norwegian economist. In the 1940s, he was a pioneer in the field of econometrics, using mathematics and statistics in the formation of economic theories. In 1989, Haavelmo won the Nobel...
  • Hadley, Arthur Twining 1856-1930, American economist and educator, b. New Haven, Conn.; son of James Hadley. A graduate (1876) of Yale, he was on the faculty (1879-99) and later was president (1899-1921) of the...
  • Harris, Abram Lincoln 1899-1963, American economist, b. Richmond, Va. He headed the economics department at Howard Univ. (1936-45) and taught at the Univ. of Chicago (1946-63). Starting from a Marxist viewpoint, Harris...
  • Harvey, William Hope 1851-1936, American writer on economics, called Coin Harvey, b. Buffalo, Putnam co., W.Va. He studied at Marshall College, practiced law, and interested himself in monetary problems. He was a...
  • Hayek, Friedrich August von 1899-1992, British economist, b. Vienna. He was raised and educated in Austria and taught at the London School of Economics in the 1930s, where he gained attention for his criticism of Keynes. He...