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Documents for "Archaeology: Biographies":

• Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse 1840-1914, American anthropologist and historian, b. Bern, Switzerland. He was a disciple of Lewis Henry Morgan. An expert on Spanish colonial documents dealing with the Native American civilizations, Bandalier translated many of these into English. He went on to undertake pioneering ethnographic and...

• Belzoni, Giovanni Battista 1778-1823, Italian adventurer and antiquities dealer. He lived (1803-12) in England and there invented a hydraulic machine, which he attempted to introduce into Egypt in 1815. He subsequently...

• Bent, James Theodore 1853-97, English explorer and archaeologist. He engaged in archaeological research on the coast of Asia Minor (1888-89) and in Bahrain (1889), Cilicia Trachia (1890), Mashonaland (now in Zimbabwe;...

• Bingham, Hiram 1875-1956, American archaeologist, historian, and statesman, b. Honolulu; son of Hiram Bingham (1831-1908). He was educated at Yale (B.A., 1898), the Univ. of California (M.A., 1900), and Harvard (M.A., 1901; Ph.D., 1905) and later taught (1907-23) at Yale. Bingham headed archaeological...

• Birch, Samuel 1813-85, English Egyptologist. He wrote a dictionary of hieroglyphics and translated the Book of the Dead.

• Botta, Paul Émile 1805-70, French archaeologist and government official. While consular agent at Mosul (1843) he made his renowned discoveries of Assyrian inscriptions at Khorsabad. The first investigator to...

• Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, Jacques 1788-1868, French writer and archaeologist. He was the first to provide evidence that humans had existed in the Pleistocene epoch, thereby disputing the theory of diluvial catastrophism. He collected...

• Breasted, James Henry 1865-1935, American Egyptologist, b. Rockford, Ill., grad. North Central College, 1888, M.A. Yale, 1891, Ph.D. Univ. of Berlin, 1894. He began teaching at the Univ. of Chicago in 1894 and was...

• Breuil, Henri known as Abbé Breuil , 1877-1961, French archaeologist, paleontologist, and cleric. He taught at the Institut de paléontologie humaine, Paris, after 1910. During much of his lifetime, Breuil was considered the foremost...

• Carnarvon, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th earl of 1866-1923, English Egyptologist. With Howard Carter he excavated in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt, from 1906 to 1922. He funded this research. The final and most famous of their...

• Carter, Howard 1874-1939, English Egyptologist. He served (1891-99) with the Egyptian Exploration Fund and later helped to reorganize the antiquities administration for the Egyptian government. Carter's...

• Caso, Alfonso 1896-1970, Mexican archaeologist. An authority on the ancient high civilizations of Mexico, he directed explorations at Mitla and Monte Albán during the 1920s and 30s. Among his many books...

• Champollion, Jean François 1790-1832, French linguist and Egyptologist. He is considered the founder of the science of Egyptology. His first important accomplishment was his two-volume work on the geography of ancient...

• Childe, Vere Gordon 1892-1957, British archaeologist, b. Australia. An Oxford graduate, he taught at the Univ. of Edinburgh (1927-46) and the Univ. of London (1946-56). He gained renown for his monumental synthesis of...

• Cottrell, Leonard 1913-, British author and archaeologist, grad. King Edward's Grammar School, Birmingham. He was a commentator, writer, and producer for the British Broadcasting Corporation until 1960, when he...

• Cunningham, Sir Alexander 1814-93, English archaeologist and army engineer; son of Allan Cunningham. He retired (1861) as a major general after 30 years of service with the Bengal engineers and then was head (1861-65,...

• Dawkins, Sir William Boyd 1837-1929, English geologist and archaeologist. He was a member (1861-69) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, curator (1870-90) of the Manchester Museum, and professor of geology (from 1872)...

• Ekholm, Gordon Frederick 1909-87, American archaeologist, b. St. Paul, Minn., Ph.D. Harvard, 1941. Working with the American Museum of Natural History in New York City after 1937, he gained a reputation through his...

• Evans, Sir Arthur John 1851-1941, English archaeologist. He was (1884-1908) keeper of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. From 1900 to 1935 he conducted excavations on the Greek island of Crete, principally at Knossos, and...

• Evans, Sir John 1823-1908, English archaeologist, geologist, and numismatist. A president of the Royal Numismatic Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, he was active also in public welfare and was an...

• Flinders Petrie, Sir William Matthew see Petrie, Sir William Matthew Flinders.

• Frankfort, Henri 1897-1954, American archaeologist, b. the Netherlands. He directed the excavations of the Egypt Exploration Society (1925-29) and the Iraq expeditions (1929-37) of the Oriental Institute of the...

• Frobenius, Leo 1873-1938, German archaeologist and anthropologist. An authority on prehistoric art and culture, especially of Africa, he organized 12 expeditions to Africa between 1904 and 1935. In 1922 he...

• Furtwängler, Adolf 1853-1907, German archaeologist, authority on ancient vases and gems. He made important excavations at Olympia, Aegina, and Orchomenus and wrote the authoritative Meisterwerke der griechischen Plastik...

• Gardner, Ernest Arthur see under Gardner, Percy.

• Gardner, Percy 1846-1937, English classical archaeologist. He served as field assistant to W. M. Flinders Petrie , helping him excavate Naucritus, a Greek settlement in Egypt. From 1887 to 1925 he was professor of archaeology at Oxford, where he was instrumental in building up the archaeology department and...

• Garstang, John 1876-1956, English archaeologist. He served as W. M. Flinders Petrie 's field assistant in Egypt in 1899 and was professor of archaeology at the Univ. of Liverpool from 1907 to 1941, when he became professor emeritus. He conducted archaeological excavations at...

• Gell, Sir William 1777-1836, English archaeologist. He served as chamberlain to Caroline, consort of the prince of Wales (later George IV), and accompanied her to Italy in 1814. His original drawings of classical...

• Grenfell, Bernard Pyne 1869-1926, English classical scholar and Egyptologist. With Arthur Surridge Hunt he discovered at Oxyrhynchus the Logia of Jesus (see Agrapha of Jesus ). He became in 1908 professor of papyrology at...

• Guest, Edwin 1800-1880, English archaeologist and philologist. A founder of the Philological Society (1842), Guest wrote articles on English philology and on archaeology, especially on the remains of Roman...

• Hamilton, Sir William 1730-1803, British diplomat and archaeologist, ambassador to Naples (1764-1800). He was the husband of Emma, Lady Hamilton , mistress of Admiral Horatio Nelson. His fine collection of antiquities...

• Harrison, Jane Ellen 1850-1928, English classical scholar. She applied archaeological discoveries in the interpretation of Greek religion. Her works include Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (1903), Themis (1912),...

• Hilprecht, Hermann Volrath 1859-1925, American Assyriologist, b. Germany; Ph.D. Univ. of Leipzig, 1883. He is noted as an authority on cuneiform writing. Hilprecht went to the United States in 1886 and was professor of...

• Hogarth, David George 1862-1927, English archaeologist, keeper (1909-27) of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. He explored and excavated (1887-1907) in Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, Syria, and Melos. Among his published works are A...

• Holmes, William Henry 1846-1933, American geologist, anthropologist, and museum director, b. Harrison co., Ohio. He was internationally recognized for his work in museum science. In 1872 he became an artist with the F...

• Kidder, Alfred Vincent 1885-1963, American archaeologist, b. Marquette, Mich., grad. Harvard (B.A. 1908; Ph.D. 1914). From 1915 to 1929 he conducted excavations at Pecos, N.Mex., for the Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass...

• Lanciani, Rodolfo Amadeo 1847?-1929, Italian archaeologist. He was an authority on the ancient topography of Ostia and Rome and discovered many important Roman antiquities. Lanciani was made director of excavations (1875)...

• Layard, Sir Austen Henry 1817-94, English archaeologist and diplomat. Between 1842 and 1851 he explored and excavated in Mesopotamia, especially at Nineveh. In the period from 1852 to 1869 he held various government...

• Leakey, Louis Seymour Bazett 1903-72, British archaeologist and anthropologist of E Africa, b. Kabete, Kenya; father of Richard Leakey. His fossil discoveries in E Africa demonstrated that humans were far older than had previously been suspected. Leakey, the son of missionary parents, grew up among the Kikuyu people of Kenya...

• Leakey, Richard Erskine Frere 1944-, Kenyan paleoanthropologist, conservationist, and government official. The son of Louis and Mary Leakey , he spent much of his early life at archaeological sites in E Africa. His own career began in 1968 when, as a paleoanthropologist without formal academic training, he received funding from the...

• Lepsius, Karl Richard 1810-84, German Egyptologist and philologist. He made an expedition (1842-45) to the Nile valley and the Sudan and as a result of his excavations and studies wrote Denkmäler aus Ägypten und...

• Lloyd, Seton Howard Frederick 1902-96, English archaeologist. Trained originally as an architect, he gained his first archaeological experience in 1928 as a member of the Egypt Exploration Society's expedition to Tell el...

• Magnusson, Finnur 1781-1847, Icelandic archaeologist and scholar. Educated at the Univ. of Copenhagen, he was appointed (1815) professor of Northern literature and mythology there. He compiled, edited, and...

• Mallowan, Max Edgar Lucien 1904-78, British archaeologist, educated at Oxford. He participated in the British Museum-Univ. of Pennsylvania excavations at Ur (1925-30) and Nineveh (1931-32), both in present-day Iraq. From...

• Mariette, Auguste Édouard 1821-81, French Egyptologist. On a visit (1850-54) to Egypt to collect Coptic manuscripts for the Louvre, he excavated (1851) the ruins of the Serapeum at Memphis. He was (1854-58) curator of the...

• Maspero, Gaston Camille Charles 1846-1916, French Egyptologist. He taught at the Collège de France and was director of archaeology in Egypt, where he established the French School of Oriental Archaeology at Cairo and...

• Morley, Sylvanus Griswold 1883-1948, American archaeologist, b. Chester, Pa., grad. Harvard, 1908. A specialist in Middle American archaeology and Mayan heiroglyphs, Morley did fieldwork (1909-14) in Central America and...

• Murray, Alexander Stuart 1841-1904, Scottish archaeologist. He was assistant keeper (1867-86) and keeper (from 1886) of Greek and Roman antiquities at the British Museum. From 1894 to 1896 he was in charge of excavations...

• Pendlebury, John Devitt Stringfellow 1904-41, British archaeologist. He participated in expeditions to Macedonia (1928) and Tell el Amarna (1928-29 and 1930-36). From 1930 to 1934 he was curator of the site of Knossos, and was later...

• Perrot, Georges 1832-1914, French archaeologist. He was professor at the Sorbonne from 1875, director of the École normale supérieure, Paris, from 1888 to 1902, and permanent secretary of the Academy of...

• Petrie, Sir William Matthew Flinders 1853-1942, English archaeologist, a noted Egyptologist. He excavated ancient remains in Britain (1875-80), Egypt (1880-1924), and Palestine (1927-38) and was (1892-1933) professor of Egyptology at...

• Rassam, Hormuzd 1826-1910, Turkish archaeologist. He assisted Sir Austen Henry Layard in Nineveh in 1845-47 and 1849-51, studying at Oxford in the years between. While in charge (1852-54) of excavations for the British Museum, he discovered at Nineveh the palace of Assurbanipal...

• Schliemann, Heinrich 1822-90, German archaeologist, discoverer of the ruins of Troy. He accumulated a fortune in the indigo trade and as a military contractor and retired from business in 1863 to dedicate himself to finding Troy and other Homeric sites. After several years of...

• Squier, Ephraim George 1821-88, American archaeologist and journalist, b. Bethlehem, Albany co., N.Y. He is noted for his study of the prehistoric Mound Builders of the Mississippi and Ohio valleys. His works include Ancient...

• Vaillant, George Clapp 1901-45, American archaeologist, b. Boston; grad. Harvard (B.A., 1922; Ph.D., 1927). At the American Museum of Natural History he became associate curator (1930) and honorary curator (1941) of...

• Wace, Alan John Bayard 1879-1957, English archaeologist. From 1914 to 1923 he was director of the British School at Athens. He served as professor of classical archaeology at Cambridge (1934-44) and at Farouk I Univ.,...

• Winckelmann, Johann Joachim 1717-68, German classical archaeologist and historian of ancient art, in which field he was a noted authority. A convert to Roman Catholicism in 1754, he went to Italy the following year. There he...

• Winckler, Hugo 1863-1913, German Orientalist. A professor at the Univ. of Berlin, Winckler was noted for his archaeological work. He helped to excavate the Phoenician city of Sidon. During excavations at...

• Woolley, Sir Charles Leonard 1880-1960, English archaeologist. His early work included excavations at Carchemish (1912-14) and the Egyptian site of Tel-el-Amarna (1921-22). He was then chosen to direct the joint British Museum...