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Documents for "Anthropology: Biographies":
  • Adams, Robert McCormick, Jr. 1926-, American anthropologist, b. Chicago, Ill., grad. Univ. of Chicago (Ph.B., 1947; M.A., 1952; Ph.D., 1956). He served on the faculty of the Univ. of Chicago (1955-84) and was director of the...
  • Bastian, Adolf 1826-1905, German anthropologist. Often called the father of ethnography, he recorded his observations of peoples and cultures in Der Mensch in der Geschichte [man in history] (1860). His concept...
  • Benedict, Ruth Fulton 1887-1948, American anthropologist, b. New York City, grad. Vassar, 1909, Ph.D. Columbia, 1923. She was a student and later a colleague of Franz Boas at Columbia, where she taught from 1924. She did fieldwork among Native Americans and studied contemporary European and Asian cultures. Her works emphasize the concepts of cultural configuration,...
  • Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich 1752-1840, German naturalist and anthropologist. He introduced and developed the science of comparative anatomy in Germany. His De generis humani varietate nativa (1775; tr. On the Natural Varieties of Mankind, 1865, repr. 1969) marked the beginnings of physical anthropology and described the five divisions of mankind which have been the basis of all subsequent racial classifications. Blumenbach's...
  • Boas, Franz 1858-1942, German-American anthropologist, b. Minden, Germany; Ph.D. Univ. of Kiel, 1881. He joined an expedition to Baffin Island in 1883 and initiated his fieldwork with observations of the...
  • Coon, Carleton Stevens 1904-81, American anthropologist, archaeologist, and educator, b. Wakefield, Mass., grad. Harvard 1925, Ph.D. 1928. From 1925 to 1939 he was engaged in fieldwork and anthropological research in...
  • Eggan, Fred Russell 1906-91, American anthropologist, b. Seattle, grad. Univ. of Chicago (Ph.B., 1927; A.M., 1928; Ph.D., 1933). A member of the faculty of the Univ. of Chicago from 1935, he served twice as chairman...
  • Eiseley, Loren Corey 1907-77, American anthropologist, b. Lincoln, Nebr. He taught anthropology at the Univ. of Kansas (1937-44), was chair of sociology and anthropology at Oberlin College (1944-47), and was professor...
  • Eliade, Mircea 1907-86, American philosopher and historian of comparative religion, b. Bucharest. He studied Indian philosophy and Sanskrit at the Univ. of Calcutta (1928-31) and taught history of religion and...
  • Evans-Pritchard, Edward Evan 1902-73, English social anthropologist. He made several expeditions to Africa. His major contributions lie in the fields of social anthropology and comparative religion. His writings include The Nuer...
  • Firth, Sir Raymond William 1901-2002, British social anthropologist, b. Auckland, New Zealand. He was educated at Auckland Univ. and studied with Bronislaw Malinowski at the London School of Economics (Ph.D., 1927). He did much research in the Pacific, focusing chiefly on social organization and economic systems. From 1932 he taught anthropology at the London...
  • Fortes, Meyer 1906-83, British anthropologist, b. Britstown, South Africa, grad. Univ. of Cape Town (M.A., 1926) and the Univ. of London (Ph.D., 1930). From 1946 to 1950 he was a reader in social anthropology at...
  • Frazer, Sir James George 1854-1941, Scottish classicist and anthropologist, b. Glasgow, educated at the universities of Glasgow and Cambridge. He is known especially for his masterpiece, The Golden Bough, published originally in two volumes (1890); in later editions it was enlarged to 13 volumes. A monumental study in comparative folklore, magic, and religion, it showed parallels between the rites...
  • Freyre, Gilberto 1900-1987, Brazilian sociologist and anthropologist, grad. Baylor Univ., 1920, M.A. Columbia, 1922. He taught, traveled, and gave lectures in many countries, especially in the United States. For...
  • Gatschet, Albert Samuel 1832-1907, American ethnologist, b. Switzerland. He was trained as a linguist in the universities of Bern and Berlin, and after his arrival in the United States he was a pioneer in the scientific...
  • Geertz, Clifford James 1926-, American cultural anthropologist, b. San Francisco. He was a professor of anthropology at the Univ. of Chicago from 1960 to 1970, when he became a professor of social science at the...
  • Gluckman, Herman Max 1911-75, British anthropologist, b. Johannesburg, South Africa, grad. Univ. of Witwatersrand (B.A., 1930) and Oxford (Ph.D., 1936). From 1947 to 1971 he was professor of social anthropology at the...
  • Greenberg, Joseph Harold 1915-, American anthropologist and linguist, b. New York City, grad. Columbia (A.B., 1936) and Northwestern Univ. (Ph.D., 1940). He was a professor of anthropology at Columbia (1948-62), afterward...
  • Hallowell, Alfred Irving 1892-1974, American anthropologist, b. Philadelphia, Pa., grad. Univ. of Pennsylvania (B.S., 1914; A.M., 1920; Ph.D., 1924). He was a professor of anthropology at the Univ. of Pennsylvania from...
  • Harris, Marvin 1927-2001, American anthropologist, b. New York City, grad. Columbia (A.B., 1949; Ph.D., 1953). A member of the faculty of Columbia (1952-80), he was chairman of the anthropology dept. (1963-66)...
  • Herskovits, Melville Jean 1895-1963, American anthropologist, b. Bellefontaine, Ohio; educated at the Univ. of Chicago (Ph.B., 1920) and Columbia (Ph.D., 1923). After teaching at Columbia and at Howard Univ. he went to...
  • Heyerdahl, Thor 1914-2002, Norwegian explorer and anthropologist, b. Larvik. He carried out research in the Marquesas Islands in 1937-38 and studied the indigenous peoples of British Columbia in 1939-40. To...
  • Hodge, Frederick Webb 1864-1956, American anthropologist, b. England. He was taken to the United States at the age of seven. He entered the field of archaeology through service (1884-86) in the Southwest with the U.S...
  • Hooten, Earnest Albert 1887-1954, American anthropologist, b. Clemansville, Wis.; grad. Lawrence College, 1907, Ph.D. Univ. of Wisconsin, 1911, Rhodes scholar, 1910-13. He began teaching at Harvard in 1913 and became...
  • Hrdlička, Aleš 1869-1943, American anthropologist, b. Humpolec (now in Czech Republic). He received his medical education in the United States. In 1903 he began to organize the division of physical anthropology...
  • Kluckhohn, Clyde Kay Maben 1905-60, American anthropologist, b. LeMars, Iowa, grad. Univ. of Wisconsin, 1928, M.A. Oxford, 1932, Ph.D. Harvard, 1936. He taught at the Univ. of New Mexico (1932-34) and at Harvard (1935-60)...
  • Kroeber, Alfred Louis 1876-1960, American anthropologist, b. Hoboken, N.J., Ph.D. Columbia, 1901. He taught (1901-46) at the Univ. of California and was director (1925-46) of the anthropological museum there. An...
  • Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1908-, French anthropologist, b. Brussels, Belgium. He carried out research in Brazil from 1935 to 1939. From 1942 to 1945 he taught at the New School for Social Research in New York City. In 1948...
  • Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien 1857-1939, French philosopher, psychologist, and ethnologist. He was professor at the Sorbonne from 1899 and editor of the Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger. Particularly known...
  • La Farge, Oliver 1901-63, American writer and anthropologist, b. New York City, grad. Harvard (B.A., 1924; M.A., 1929). He conducted three archaeological expeditions to Arizona and also ethnological expeditions to...
  • Leach, Edmund Ronald 1910-89, British anthropologist, grad. Cambridge Univ. (B.A., 1932; M.A., 1938) and Univ. of London (Ph.D., 1947). He was (1957-72) university reader in social anthropology at Cambridge, and in...
  • Leakey, Mary Douglas 1913-96, British archaeologist, b. London as Mary Douglas Nichol; wife of Louis Leakey and mother of Richard Leakey. She had little formal education, but a fascination with archaeology led to her supervising her first dig in England in 1934. Several years after she met Louis Leakey in England she began work with...
  • Lewis, Oscar 1914-70, American anthropologist, b. New York City, grad. City College of New York (B.S.S., 1936) and Columbia (Ph.D., 1940). He was a professor of anthropology at Washington Univ. (St. Louis) from...
  • Linton, Ralph 1893-1953, American anthropologist, b. Philadelphia, B.A. Swarthmore College, 1915, Ph.D. Harvard, 1925. He was (1922-28) assistant curator at the Field Museum, Chicago, then taught at the Univ. of...
  • Lowie, Robert Harry or Robert Heinrich Lowie , 1883-1957, American anthropologist, b. Vienna, grad. College of the City of New York, 1901, Ph.D. Columbia, 1908. He was on the staff of the American Museum of Natural History from 1908 until...
  • Malinowski, Bronislaw 1884-1942, English anthropologist, b. Poland, Ph.D. Univ. of Kraków, 1908. Working in the field of cultural anthropology, he gained renown through his studies (1914-18) of the indigenous peoples...
  • Mauss, Marcel 1872-1950, French sociologist and anthropologist. Nephew of eminant sociologist Émile Durkheim , Mauss graduated from the Univ. of Bordeaux and the École Pratique des Hautes Études, where he later served on the faculty. He also taught at the Collège de France and cofounded the Institut...
  • Mead, Margaret 1901-78, American anthropologist, b. Philadelphia, grad. Barnard, 1923, Ph.D. Columbia, 1929. In 1926 she became assistant curator, in 1942 associate curator, and from 1964 to 1969 she was curator...
  • Montagu, Ashley (Montague Francis Ashley Montagu) , 1905-99, British-American anthropologist, b. London as Israel Ehrenberg, Ph.D. Columbia Univ., 1937. He was assistant professor of anatomy in the Graduate School of Medicine, New York Univ...
  • Morgan, Lewis Henry 1818-81, American anthropologist, b. Aurora, N.Y., grad. Union College, Schenectady, 1840. Practicing as a lawyer, he became interested in the Native Americans of his locality, and in 1847 he was...
  • Murdock, George Peter 1897-1985, American anthropologist, b. Meriden, Conn., grad. Yale (B.A., 1919; Ph.D., 1925). He taught at Yale and later at the Univ. of Pittsburgh, becoming Mellon Professor of Anthropology there...
  • Róheim, Géza 1891-1953, Hungarian anthropologist and psychoanalyst. He was educated at the universities of Leipzig, Berlin, and Budapest (Ph.D., 1914). From 1928 to 1931 he did fieldwork in central Australia,...
  • Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald 1881-1955, British anthropologist. He did fieldwork in the Andaman Islands and in Australia. Radcliffe-Brown fostered the development of social anthropology as a science, and contributed to the...
  • Radin, Paul 1883-1959, American anthropologist, b. Poland, grad., College of the City of New York, 1902, Ph.D. Columbia, 1911. He was a student of Franz Boas and studied the Winnebago tribe for much of his life,...
  • Rasmussen, Knud Johan Victor 1879-1933, Danish arctic explorer and ethnologist. Born in Greenland of Eskimo ancestry on his mother's side, he began (1902) 30 years of exploration and of study of the Eskimo. He sought confirmation of his theory that Eskimos are derived from the same stock as the native North Americans, having originally migrated from Asia. In 1910 he established his Thule station at...
  • Redfield, Robert 1897-1958, American anthropologist and sociologist, b. Chicago, grad. Univ. of Chicago (B.A., 1920; Ph.D., 1928). He began teaching at the Univ. of Chicago in 1928, later becoming professor of...
  • Rivers, William Halse Rivers 1864-1922, British anthropologist. He taught at Cambridge from 1893 until shortly before his death. Trained in medicine and psychology, he pioneered in the experimental study of mental functions...
  • Schmidt, Wilhelm 1868-1954, German linguist and anthropologist, a Roman Catholic priest. Educated at the universities of Berlin and Vienna, he entered the Society of the Divine Word in 1890. Residing mainly in...
  • Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe 1793-1864, American ethnologist, b. near Albany, N.Y. He gave enormous impetus to the study of Native American culture and may be regarded as the foremost pioneer in Native American studies. As a...
  • Steward, Julian Haynes 1902-72, American anthropologist, b. Washington, D.C., grad. Cornell Univ., 1925, Ph.D. Univ. of California, 1929. He taught at the Univ. of Michigan (1928-30), Columbia (1946-52), and the Univ. of...
  • Strong, William Duncan 1899-1962, American anthropologist, b. Portland, Oreg., grad. Univ. of California (B.A., 1923; Ph.D., 1926). He served as curator at the Chicago Field Museum (1926-29) and as senior anthropologist...
  • Thomas, Cyrus 1825-1910, American anthropologist and entomologist, b. Kingsport, Tenn. He was a lawyer, then a minister (1865-69) of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. He was associated with the U.S. Geological...
  • Tylor, Sir Edward Burnett 1832-1917, English anthropologist. His extensive researches helped to develop interest in anthropological science in England. Tylor became (1883) keeper of the University Museum at Oxford and was...
  • Wagley, Charles Walter 1913-91, American anthropologist, b. Clarksville, Tex., grad. Columbia (Ph.D., 1941). He began teaching at Columbia in 1940, serving as professor from 1953 to 1971. He was appointed director of...
  • Weidenreich, Franz 1873-1948, German anatomist and physical anthropologist. He was educated at the universities of Munich, Kiel, Berlin, and Strasbourg. In 1921 he became professor of anatomy at the Univ. of...
  • White, Leslie Alvin 1900-1975, American anthropologist, b. Salida, Colo., grad. Columbia, 1923, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1927. He taught at the Univ. of Buffalo and was curator of anthropology at the Buffalo Museum of...
  • Wissler, Clark 1870-1947, American anthropologist, b. Wayne, Ind., grad. Indiana Univ., 1897, Ph.D. Columbia, 1901. At first a teacher of psychology, he became interested in anthropology under Franz Boas at...
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