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Documents for "Civil Engineering: Biographies":

• Ammann, Othmar Hermann 1879-1965, American civil engineer, b. Switzerland, grad. Federal Polytechnic Institute, Zürich, 1902. He came to the United States in 1904 and was naturalized in 1924. He served (1925-39) with...

• Baker, Sir Benjamin 1840-1907, English civil engineer. He helped build London's underground railway, Tower Bridge, and the Blackwall Tunnel, and with Sir John Fowler he designed and built the bridge over the Firth of...

• Belidor, Bernard Forest de 1693-1761, French engineer. He wrote numerous books dealing with mathematics, artillery, and hydraulic, civil, and military engineering. One of his engineering works, a manual of rules and tables,...

• Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave 1832-1923, French engineer. A noted constructor of bridges and viaducts, he also designed the Eiffel Tower and the internal structure of the Statue of Liberty (see Liberty, Statue of. He was initially charged with corruption in the 1888 scandal of Ferdinand de Lesseps 's failed Panama Canal project, but was cleared of all wrongdoing by a French appeals court in 1893. Nonetheless, he withdrew from commercial life and spent the rest of his years studying...

• Fowler, Sir John 1817-98, English engineer. With Benjamin Baker, he designed and built the Forth Bridge (1882-90) in Scotland, the first major structure made of steel. He also designed much of the London...

• Goethals, George Washington 1858-1928, U.S. army engineer, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., grad. West Point, 1880. After serving on various inland water projects, he was appointed chief engineer of the Panama Canal when John F. Stevens...

• Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, vicomte de 1805-94, French diplomat and engineer. He entered the consular service in 1825 and was minister to Spain (1848-49). Later, while serving in Egypt, he conceived the idea of a Suez Canal , and in 1854 he obtained from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, the concession for opening a passage through the Isthmus of Suez. He was the chief figure in organizing the canal company and raised, by...

• Maillart, Robert 1872-1940, Swiss engineer, renowned for his inventive and beautiful reinforced-concrete bridges. Maillart's basic structural principles—integration of the supporting arch, the stiffening wall, and...

• Rennie, John 1761-1821, British civil engineer. In London he designed the Waterloo (1811-17) and Southwark (1815-19) bridges. London Bridge, also designed by him, was built (1824-31) by his son, Sir John Rennie,...

• Robert, Henry Martyn 1837-1923, American military engineer, b. Robertville, S.C., grad. West Point, 1857. He is best known as the author of a book on parliamentary law, Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies (1876), of which a revision appeared in 1915 as Robert's Rules of Order Revised. In the Civil War, Robert was assigned to the engineers and worked on the defenses of Washington, Philadelphia, and the New England coast. Almost continuously from 1867 until 1895 he was in charge...

• Roebling, John Augustus 1806-69, German-American engineer, b. Mulhouse. He studied engineering in Berlin and in 1831 came to the United States. He demonstrated the practicability of steel cable and established a plant...

• Smeaton, John 1724-92, English civil engineer. He became an instrument maker, improved navigation instruments, and carried out many experiments on mechanical apparatus. Between 1750 and 1755 his interests...

• Telford, Thomas 1757-1834, Scottish civil engineer. He greatly improved road building in England and Scotland. He introduced the use of a base of large stones surfaced with compacted layers of small stones. His...