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Documents for "Biology: Biographies":
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Aldrovandi, Ulisse
1522-1605, Italian naturalist, professor at the Univ. of Bologna. He instigated the establishment (1567) of the Bologna Botanical Garden and wrote an early pharmacopoeia. His chief work was the Natural...
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Bartram, William
1739-1823, American naturalist, b. Philadelphia; son of John Bartram. He is known chiefly for his Travels (1791), in which he describes his journey (1773-77) through the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida and areas to the west. His book vividly portrays the plants and wildlife of the country and lists 215...
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Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de
1707-88, French naturalist and author. From 1739 he was keeper of the Jardin du Roi (later the Jardin des Plantes) in Paris and made it a center of research during the Enlightenment. He devoted...
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Darwin, Charles Robert
1809-82, English naturalist, b. Shrewsbury; grandson of Erasmus Darwin and of Josiah Wedgwood. He firmly established the theory of organic evolution known as Darwinism. He studied medicine at Edinburgh and for the ministry at Cambridge but lost interest in both professions during the training. His interest in natural history led to his friendship with the...
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Daubenton, Louis Jean Marie
1716-1800, French naturalist. He was a professor at the Collège de France from 1778; his work touched many fields—comparative anatomy, plant physiology, mineralogy, and experimental agriculture...
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Gesner, Konrad von
1516-65, Swiss scientist and bibliographer. Gesner was noted for his scholarship and erudition in almost every field of knowledge. He lived in Zürich and other European cities, teaching physics...
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Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich
1834-1919, German biologist and philosopher. He taught (1862-1909) at the Univ. of Jena. An early exponent of Darwinism in Germany, he evolved a mechanistic form of monism based on his interpretation of Darwin's theories and set forth in his speculative popular works on science, Generelle Morphologie (1866), The History of Creation (1868, tr. 1906), and The Evolution of Man (1874, tr. 1910). Although many of his conclusions have been proved erroneous, they attracted a large following and stimulated research. He developed a theory of recapitulation , illustrated by his gastraea theory, wherein he postulated a hypothetical ancestral form (gastraea) represented by the gastrula stage of individual development. He is known also for his study of...
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Hales, Stephen
1677-1761, English physiologist and clergyman. From 1709 he was perpetual curate of Teddington. His experimental studies in animal and plant physiology contributed greatly to the progress of...
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Hecht, Selig
1892-1947, American biophysicist, b. Glogow, Austria (now Poland). He moved to the United States in 1898 and was graduated from the College of the City of New York (B.S., 1913) and from Harvard...
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Humboldt, Alexander, Freiherr von
1769-1859, German naturalist and explorer. His full name is Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt. Educated at Göttingen, he studied at Hamburg, Freiberg, and Jena and made several...
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Huxley, Sir Julian Sorell
1887-1975, English biologist and writer, educated at Oxford; grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley. He taught at the Rice Institute, Houston, Tex. (1912-16), at Oxford (1919-25), and at King's College,...
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Huxley, Thomas Henry
1825-95, English biologist and educator, grad. Charing Cross Hospital, 1845. Huxley gave up his own biological research to become an influential scientific publicist and was the principal exponent...
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Johnson, Martin Elmer
1884-1937, American explorer and author, b. Rockford, Ill. He left home at 14 to work his way to Europe on a cattle boat, returning as a stowaway. He then joined the crew of Jack London's...
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Kinsey, Alfred Charles
1894-1956, American biologist, b. Hoboken, N.J., grad. Bowdoin College (B.S., 1916), Harvard (D.Sc., 1920). He was associated with the Univ. of Indiana from 1920, becoming professor of zoology in...
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Loeb, Jacques
1859-1924, American physiologist, b. Germany, M.D. Univ. of Strasbourg, 1884. He came to the United States in 1891 and taught at Bryn Mawr, the Univ. of Chicago, and the Univ. of California. From...
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Nuttall, Thomas
1786-1859, American naturalist, b. England. He was a pioneer in American paleontology and was curator (1822-32) of the Harvard botanical garden. He accompanied several scientific expeditions to the...
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Pallas, Peter Simon
1741-1811, German naturalist and explorer. He became (1768) professor at the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. In 1769, Pallas was a member of an expedition to observe the transit of Venus, and...
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Ray, John
1627-1705, English naturalist. He was extremely influential in laying the foundations of systematic biology. With his pupil Francis Willughby, he planned a complete classification of the vegetable...
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Spallanzani, Lazzaro
1729-99, Italian naturalist. He was professor at the universities of Modena (1763-69) and Pavia (from 1769). Spallanzani studied regeneration, fertilization, and the digestive action of saliva;...
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Sperry, Roger Wolcott
1913-94, American biologist, b. Hartford, Conn., Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1941. He studied zoology before teaching biology at the Univ. of Chicago (1946-52) and the California Institute of...
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Wallace, Alfred Russel
1823-1913, English naturalist. From his study of comparative biology in Brazil and in the East Indies, he evolved a concept of evolution similar to that of Charles Darwin. Like Darwin, he was greatly influenced by the writings of Malthus and Lyell and based his theories on careful observation. His special contribution to the evidence for evolution was in...
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White, Gilbert
1720-93, English naturalist. He served as curate at Selborne and nearby parishes from 1751. He recorded his detailed observations of nature in letters to other naturalists, and on these he based The...
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Wiesel, Torsten Nils
1924-, Swedish neurobiologist, b. Uppsala, Sweden. After earning a degree in medicine from Karolinska Univ., Stockholm (1954), he took a research position at Johns Hopkins Univ., where he began his...
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