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Documents for "Biochemistry: Biographies":

• Altman, Sidney 1939-, Canadian-American molecular biologist, b. Montreal, Ph.D., Univ. of Colorado, 1967. A professor at Yale Univ. since 1971, he discovered that RNA could function as enzymes; it was previously...

• Axelrod, Julius 1912-2004, American biochemist whose work was influential in the development of pharmaceuticals, b. New York City, grad. City College, N.Y. (B.S. 1933), New York Univ. (M.S. 1941), George...

• Bergström, Sune Karl 1916-2004, Swedish biochemist, grad. Karolinska Institute (Ph.D., M.D., 1944). With his former pupil B. I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane , he was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The trio won the prize for their identification and description of prostaglandins , which affect such functions as blood pressure and body temperature. Bergström was associated with the Karolinska Institute for much of his career, serving as president from 1969 to 1977. He also...

• Blumberg, Baruch Samuel 1925-, American biochemist, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., B.S. Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., 1946, M.D. Columbia, 1951, Ph.D. Oxford, 1957. From 1957 to 1964 he worked at the National Institutes of...

• Brown, Michael Stuart 1941-, American molecular geneticist, b. New York City, M.D. Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1966. He worked (1968-71) as a researcher at the National Institutes of Health before going to the Southwestern...

• Cech, Thomas Robert 1947-, American microbiologist, b. Chicago, grad. Univ. of California, Berkeley. A professor at the Univ. of Colorado, he discovered that RNA could function as enzymes; it was previously thought...

• Chain, Ernst Boris 1906-79, English biochemist, b. Berlin, Germany. In 1933 he left Germany and went to England, where he conducted research at Cambridge from 1933 to 1935 and at Oxford from 1935; he lectured...

• Cohen, Stanley 1922-, American biochemist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Univ. of Michigan, 1948. Cohen did his most important work at Washington Univ. with Rita Levi-Montalcini in the 1950s. Studying mouse tumors implanted in chicken embryos, the pair isolated a nerve-growth factor, the first of many cell-growth factors found in animals. For this discovery Levi-Montalcini...

• Corey, Elias James 1928-, American organic chemist and educator, b. Methuen, Mass., grad. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (B.S. 1948, Ph.D. 1951). He has taught at the Univ. of Illinois (1951-59) and at...

• Dausset, Jean 1916-, French immunologist. He was the laboratory director of the National Blood Transfusion Center and was a professor at the Univ. of Paris (1958-77) and the Collège de France. He identified a...

• Deisenhofer, Johann 1943-, German chemist, Ph.D. Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 1974. He was a researcher at the Max Planck Institute until 1987 when he joined the staff at the Howard Hughes Medical...

• Djerassi, Carl 1929-, American organic chemist and educator, b. Vienna, Austria. He received his Ph.D. from the Univ. of Wisconsin (1945) and, since 1959, has taught at Stanford Univ. He was also president of...

• Goldstein, Joseph Leonard 1940-, American molecular geneticist, b. Sumter, S.C., M.D. Univ. of Texas at Dallas, 1966. He worked as a biomedical researcher at the National Heart Institute (1968-70) and Washington Univ...

• Guillemin, Roger Charles Louis 1924-, French-American physiologist, b. Dijon, France. Educated in France, he fought for the resistance during World War II. He taught primarily at Baylor Univ. (1953-70), until he became a...

• Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot 1910-94, English chemist and X-ray crystallographer, b. Egypt. She received the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry for determining the structure of biochemical compounds (particularly of vitamin B ₁₂ ) used to control pernicious anemia. In 1933 she and J. D. Bernal made the first X-ray photograph of a protein (pepsin). She was president (1977-78) of the British Association for the Advancement of...

• Kamen, Martin David 1913-2002, American biochemist, b. Toronto, Canada, grad. Univ. of Chicago (B.S., Ph.D. 1937). He discovered carbon-14, the radioactive isotope of carbon used to trace biochemical pathways and mechanisms and to date archeological and anthropological objects (see dating ). He also carried out extensive research that underlies much of our understanding of the process of photosynthesis. Because of his association with Russian consular officials, whom he had met socially, he was declared a security risk in 1944 and dismissed from his job. A few years later, he was brought before...

• Klug, Sir Aaron 1926-, British biochemist, b. Lithuania. Raised and educated in South Africa, he moved to England and completed his doctorate at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1953. In the 1950s, Klug began to...

• Lehn, Jean-Marie 1939-, French chemist, Ph.D. Univ. of Strasbourg, 1963. A professor at Louis Pasteur Univ. (1970-78) and the Collège de France (1979-), Lehn did ground-breaking research in the creation of...

• Merrifield, Robert Bruce 1921-2006, American chemist, b. Fort Worth, Tex., Ph.D. Univ. of California at Los Angeles, 1949. As a researcher at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (later Rockefeller Univ.), with...

• Michel, Hartmut 1948-, German biochemist, Ph.D. Univ. of Würzburg, 1977. Michel was the first person to reduce a photosynthetic action center, which is a four-protein complex, to pure crystalline form. This made...

• Mitchell, Peter Dennis 1920-92, British chemist, Ph.D. Cambridge Univ., 1950. A professor at the Univ. of Edinburgh (1955-63), Mitchell was named director of Glynn Research Laboratories in 1964. He formulated the...

• Pedersen, Charles John 1904-89, American chemist, b. Busan, Korea, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1927. After finishing his studies, Pedersen began work as a research chemist for the DuPont Company. In the...

• Snell, George Davis 1903-96, American immunologist, b. Bradford, Mass., Ph.D. Harvard, 1930. He was associated with the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine from 1935 to 1973. His identification of the H-2 gene...

• Tonegawa, Susumu 1939-, Japanese molecular biologist, Ph.D. Univ. of California at San Diego, 1969. A member of the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland (1971-81), he became a professor of biology at the...

• Williams, Robert R., Jr. 1886-1965, American chemist, b. India, grad. Univ. of Chicago (B.S., 1907); brother of Roger John Williams. Research undertaken in 1910, while he was chemist (1908-15) at the Manila Bureau of Science, the Philippines, culminated, during his association (1925-45) with the Bell Telephone Laboratories, New...

• Williams, Roger John 1893-1988, American chemist, b. India, grad. Univ. of Redlands, Redlands, Calif. (B.S., 1914), Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1919; brother of the chemist Robert R. Williams , Jr. He taught chemistry at the Univ. of Oregon (1920-32) and at Oregon State College (now Oregon State Univ., 1932-39) and became professor at the Univ. of Texas in 1939 and also director of the...

• Wittig, Georg 1897-1987, German chemist, Ph.D. Univ. of Marburg, 1926. During his career, Wittig was a professor at the universities of Braunschweig, Freiburg, Tübingen, and Heidelberg. He shared the 1979 Nobel...